Child-Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Can the Development of Osteoporosis be Delayed or Avoided Through Physical Activity

Youngster Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Can the Development of Osteoporosis be Delayed or Avoided Through Physical Activity Intense Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), a hematological disease most-usually analyzed in kids and youthful grown-ups, is described by uncontrolled expansion and development capture of the lymphoid forebear cells found in bone marrow (bringing about an abundance of threatening cells). Everything is the most regular youth harm, with 2000-2500 new cases analyzed in the United States every year and speaking to right around 33% of every pediatric malignant growth. Its pinnacle rate is found in patients 2-5 years of age. The reason for ALL is as yet obscure, despite the fact that there are few cases related with acquired hereditary disorder (eMedicine 2003). A few experts have examined the conceivable association among ALL and improvement of osteopenia and osteoporosis sometime down the road, and have inferred that while there gives off an impression of being an association between the two, more examination must be done to distinguish exact instruments, and furthermore to decide if this is r eally a drawn out concern or simply one which vanishes once the patient has recouped. Leukemia, which means â€Å"white blood†, is an illness set apart by an expanded number of circling white platelets (Snively Beshear 1972). Intense leukemias are grouped by the patient and which cell types are included. Most pediatric leukemias are lymphoblastic and start in bunches of lymphocytes inside bone marrow, undifferentiated organisms or other lymphoid tissues (Robbins Angell 1976). The etiology of leukemia stays unidentified, be that as it may, some have proposed that it might be the consequence of an infection. Because of a general fix pace of practically 80%, it has gotten progressively imperative to look at the results of the infection and its medicines in its survivors. Manifestations of ALL involve weakness, due to a great extent to frailty; fever, as an auxiliary disease to neutropenia; and seeping because of thrombocytopenia, including petechiae, ecchymoses, epistaxis and gingival dying. In specific cases, optional difficulties may incorporate lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and kidney growth. There is likewise a moderately high danger of bone invasion, marrow extension, subperiosteal penetration and bone rot; significant components to consider while guessing an association among ALL and higher danger of osteoporosis (Beck 1973). Diminished bone mineral thickness (BMD) may result from the leukemic procedure itself, ectopic creation of parathyroid hormone, paracrine discharge of lymphokines and diminished physical action. Treatment of ALL to a great extent incorporates corticosteroids, methotrexate and radiotherapy (cranial illumination), and many have conjectured that modifications in bone mass thickness might be connected to these te chniques; it has been broadly estimated that treatment of ALL can effectsly affect bone arrangement and renovating. Youngsters, the most well-known patients with ALL, are particularly in danger of creating osteoporosis and development impediment since they might be dependent upon changes in bone improvement during the exact time when building is at its pinnacle (van der Sluis ). Bone digestion is a ceaseless procedure of demonstrating and rebuilding, with a yearly substitution pace of 10% (Haddy et al. 2001). Osteoporosis is a metabolic illness of the bones, portrayed by basic degeneration of bone tissue and consistent reduction in bone mass, which makes bones become powerless and increasingly defenseless to cracks; â€Å"osteo† means bone and â€Å"porosis† implies permeable (Leroux 2001). Osteoporosis is a significant wellbeing danger for more than 44 million individuals in the U.S., 68% of whom are ladies; 10 million of these people really have the illness (80% beset are ladies) and 34 million have low bone mass (National Institutes of Health, 2002), a condition known as osteopenia. Osteoporosis is answerable for more than 1.5 million breaks every year in the U.S. also, the most well-known locales of break are hip, spine, wrist and ribs. Comparative measurements are found in Canada, where 1.4 million individuals are influenced by osteoporosi s (350 000 of those live in Quebec) (Leroux 2001). Albeit more examination is required to decide the exact connection among ALL and osteopenia, the forerunner of osteoporosis (Haddy et al. 2001), the systems can be estimated and the following part of this paper will inspect this conceivable association. Kids and teenagers are particularly helpless against changes in BMD since this is when pinnacle bone mass is fabricated (Haddy et. al. 2001), and since 90% of pinnacle bone thickness is accomplished by the age of 30, it is accepted that expanded physical movement levels for youngsters could help forestall bone issue, for example, osteopenia and osteoporosis (Eliakim Beyth 2003). Musculoskeletal disarranges are basic inconveniences of ALL and its treatment, and kids determined to have ALL have just been found to have diminished BMD at the hour of determination. Various exploration bunches have inspected the conceivable association among ALL and advancement of osteoporosis and, albeit a few examinations have demonstrated these impacts to be brief, there is by all accounts a positive relationship among's ALL and diminished BMD. While no reasonable goals has been reached with respect to whether these impacts persevere through long haul (post-abatement), all appear to concur that the presumed physiological systems bode well. Bone digestion is a consistent cycle and comprises of 80% cortical bone (the thick external defensive bit) and 20% cancellous or trabecular bone (the elastic internal bit). As referenced, ALL patients are particularly helpless to hampered bone development because of the sickness itself (due to leukemic attack) and to its treatment, which incorporates corticosteroids, methotrexate treatment, neighborhood and cranial light, and lack of different hormones. These people additionally will in general have restricted exercise limi t, and keep an eye on inertia; these confinements are likely because of malignant growth related weariness, and some experience the ill effects of healthful insufficiencies including: calcium, nutrient D and magnesium digestion (Haddy et al. 2001). Restricted examination has been performed with respect to long haul impacts of radiotherapy, however an unmistakable relationship seems to exist between decreases in BMD and expanded delicacy, and portion level of radiotherapy (Hopewell, 2003).

Communicating During a Downsizing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 28

Conveying During a Downsizing - Case Study Example The motto for the activity is â€Å"transformation with reaffirmation† implying that change is unavoidable however there is consistently an explanation behind it. Through a profound consideration, it is concluded that the best strategy to advise the workers that they are being given up is the utilization of the eye to eye correspondence because of how genuine the issue is. It is imperative to disclose to the representatives the requirement for change, the technique for taking care of it, and the fundamental help accessible to the clinic workers. Much control is to be given to the representatives and hence the utilization of open correspondence. Workers ready to experience early retirement are to advance their subtleties. Basing on the react the move can be made to cutback those willing and spare those ready to remain. Those laid off are to experience advising, go to workshops on continue building, gave with suggestions from the emergency clinic, and anything that is good for t he profession of the representative and life (Lehman and Dufrene, 2011). A reasonable time allotment for the cutback occasions is made with the goal that everybody knows about the grouping of occasions for the cutback. It helps in guaranteeing that everybody has the ideal data about the procedure. A reputation of how the workers are adapting to the change is planned through a progression of records to guarantee a consistent progression of occasions. It gives a control device to help when the need emerges. In any case, the procedure isn't relied upon to be unequivocal as there is no simple cutback yet the point of the correspondence is to guarantee that the representatives comprehend the requirement for change. The arrangement is likewise to enable the clinic to keep up its notoriety and do what it has done (Lehman and Dufrene, 2011).â The medical clinic is confronted with a circumstance where 200 workers out of 1500 ought to cut back. The clinic doesn't work in seclusion yet in the condition that needs thought in affecting the progression. The overall population is another component to consider in affecting the issue. The legislature, the nearby network, the financial specialists and different companions of the medical clinics to be placed into thought (Clampitt, 2009).â

Virgin Hyperloop Ones IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus

Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus Hyperloop is the world’s first new major mode of transportation in over a century. Once completed, the Virgin Hyperloop One system will transport passengers and cargo with speeds of up to 700 mph, using a safe, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient system. To manage the team’s internal IT projects efficiently, Virgin Hyperloop One uses MeisterTask. Virgin Hyperloop One’s internal IT department consists of eight team members, who work in the company’s Innovation Campus in Los Angeles, CA. Although various task management and issue tracking platforms were already being used in-house, the IT department soon went looking for a different software solution that would fit their specific needs. Our development team uses JIRA and similar platforms that work well for large teams. But for our department, those were simply too cumbersome to use. We needed something with speed and agility.Dawn Armstrong, Director Information Technology Dawn Armstrong, Director of Information Technology, explains that her department tried multiple tools, such as Microsoft Planner and Wunderlist, but quickly settled on MeisterTask when they discovered it in 2018. It was really the most flexible product that we found, and it allowed us to manage both projects and task lists, which are very important to IT departments. Using MeisterTask for Ongoing Projects Dawn and her team have created multiple projects in MeisterTask that they use on an ongoing basis. In the network team’s general project, tasks are organized in a classic Kanban-system, moving through stages called ‘Open’, ‘In Progress’ and ‘Done’. Issues that come up during meetings often can’t be taken care of right away, so collecting them in a place where they aren’t forgotten is essential. Capturing tasks in a project board ensures that important to-dos don’t fall through the cracks. In addition to their ongoing maintenance projects, the IT team also creates boards for one-time projects, such as setting up Virgin Hyperloop One’s new office in Dubai. Favorite Productivity Features Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT team has a number of favorite features in MeisterTask, which help them work together efficiently and stay on top of what needs to be done and when. I love the checklists. Tasks often have multiple steps, so being able to add multiple items inside tasks is really handy. The team are also heavy users of task relations, which enable them to mark tasks as related, blocking, or blocked by other tasks. When blockages are resolved, the affected task assignees are notified automatically. With the help of MeisterTask, Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT department manages and maintains the network systems for their 200+ team members, providing them with the means to develop the next generation of transportation systems, and change how humanity will travel in the future. Change the Future, Together. Try MeisterTask Now FREE Try MeisterTask Now Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus Hyperloop is the world’s first new major mode of transportation in over a century. Once completed, the Virgin Hyperloop One system will transport passengers and cargo with speeds of up to 700 mph, using a safe, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient system. To manage the team’s internal IT projects efficiently, Virgin Hyperloop One uses MeisterTask. Virgin Hyperloop One’s internal IT department consists of eight team members, who work in the company’s Innovation Campus in Los Angeles, CA. Although various task management and issue tracking platforms were already being used in-house, the IT department soon went looking for a different software solution that would fit their specific needs. Our development team uses JIRA and similar platforms that work well for large teams. But for our department, those were simply too cumbersome to use. We needed something with speed and agility.Dawn Armstrong, Director Information Technology Dawn Armstrong, Director of Information Technology, explains that her department tried multiple tools, such as Microsoft Planner and Wunderlist, but quickly settled on MeisterTask when they discovered it in 2018. It was really the most flexible product that we found, and it allowed us to manage both projects and task lists, which are very important to IT departments. Using MeisterTask for Ongoing Projects Dawn and her team have created multiple projects in MeisterTask that they use on an ongoing basis. In the network team’s general project, tasks are organized in a classic Kanban-system, moving through stages called ‘Open’, ‘In Progress’ and ‘Done’. Issues that come up during meetings often can’t be taken care of right away, so collecting them in a place where they aren’t forgotten is essential. Capturing tasks in a project board ensures that important to-dos don’t fall through the cracks. In addition to their ongoing maintenance projects, the IT team also creates boards for one-time projects, such as setting up Virgin Hyperloop One’s new office in Dubai. Favorite Productivity Features Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT team has a number of favorite features in MeisterTask, which help them work together efficiently and stay on top of what needs to be done and when. I love the checklists. Tasks often have multiple steps, so being able to add multiple items inside tasks is really handy. The team are also heavy users of task relations, which enable them to mark tasks as related, blocking, or blocked by other tasks. When blockages are resolved, the affected task assignees are notified automatically. With the help of MeisterTask, Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT department manages and maintains the network systems for their 200+ team members, providing them with the means to develop the next generation of transportation systems, and change how humanity will travel in the future. Change the Future, Together. Try MeisterTask Now FREE Try MeisterTask Now

Virgin Hyperloop Ones IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus

Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus Hyperloop is the world’s first new major mode of transportation in over a century. Once completed, the Virgin Hyperloop One system will transport passengers and cargo with speeds of up to 700 mph, using a safe, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient system. To manage the team’s internal IT projects efficiently, Virgin Hyperloop One uses MeisterTask. Virgin Hyperloop One’s internal IT department consists of eight team members, who work in the company’s Innovation Campus in Los Angeles, CA. Although various task management and issue tracking platforms were already being used in-house, the IT department soon went looking for a different software solution that would fit their specific needs. Our development team uses JIRA and similar platforms that work well for large teams. But for our department, those were simply too cumbersome to use. We needed something with speed and agility.Dawn Armstrong, Director Information Technology Dawn Armstrong, Director of Information Technology, explains that her department tried multiple tools, such as Microsoft Planner and Wunderlist, but quickly settled on MeisterTask when they discovered it in 2018. It was really the most flexible product that we found, and it allowed us to manage both projects and task lists, which are very important to IT departments. Using MeisterTask for Ongoing Projects Dawn and her team have created multiple projects in MeisterTask that they use on an ongoing basis. In the network team’s general project, tasks are organized in a classic Kanban-system, moving through stages called ‘Open’, ‘In Progress’ and ‘Done’. Issues that come up during meetings often can’t be taken care of right away, so collecting them in a place where they aren’t forgotten is essential. Capturing tasks in a project board ensures that important to-dos don’t fall through the cracks. In addition to their ongoing maintenance projects, the IT team also creates boards for one-time projects, such as setting up Virgin Hyperloop One’s new office in Dubai. Favorite Productivity Features Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT team has a number of favorite features in MeisterTask, which help them work together efficiently and stay on top of what needs to be done and when. I love the checklists. Tasks often have multiple steps, so being able to add multiple items inside tasks is really handy. The team are also heavy users of task relations, which enable them to mark tasks as related, blocking, or blocked by other tasks. When blockages are resolved, the affected task assignees are notified automatically. With the help of MeisterTask, Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT department manages and maintains the network systems for their 200+ team members, providing them with the means to develop the next generation of transportation systems, and change how humanity will travel in the future. Change the Future, Together. Try MeisterTask Now FREE Try MeisterTask Now Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT Team Stays Organized with MeisterTask - Focus Hyperloop is the world’s first new major mode of transportation in over a century. Once completed, the Virgin Hyperloop One system will transport passengers and cargo with speeds of up to 700 mph, using a safe, environmentally friendly and cost-efficient system. To manage the team’s internal IT projects efficiently, Virgin Hyperloop One uses MeisterTask. Virgin Hyperloop One’s internal IT department consists of eight team members, who work in the company’s Innovation Campus in Los Angeles, CA. Although various task management and issue tracking platforms were already being used in-house, the IT department soon went looking for a different software solution that would fit their specific needs. Our development team uses JIRA and similar platforms that work well for large teams. But for our department, those were simply too cumbersome to use. We needed something with speed and agility.Dawn Armstrong, Director Information Technology Dawn Armstrong, Director of Information Technology, explains that her department tried multiple tools, such as Microsoft Planner and Wunderlist, but quickly settled on MeisterTask when they discovered it in 2018. It was really the most flexible product that we found, and it allowed us to manage both projects and task lists, which are very important to IT departments. Using MeisterTask for Ongoing Projects Dawn and her team have created multiple projects in MeisterTask that they use on an ongoing basis. In the network team’s general project, tasks are organized in a classic Kanban-system, moving through stages called ‘Open’, ‘In Progress’ and ‘Done’. Issues that come up during meetings often can’t be taken care of right away, so collecting them in a place where they aren’t forgotten is essential. Capturing tasks in a project board ensures that important to-dos don’t fall through the cracks. In addition to their ongoing maintenance projects, the IT team also creates boards for one-time projects, such as setting up Virgin Hyperloop One’s new office in Dubai. Favorite Productivity Features Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT team has a number of favorite features in MeisterTask, which help them work together efficiently and stay on top of what needs to be done and when. I love the checklists. Tasks often have multiple steps, so being able to add multiple items inside tasks is really handy. The team are also heavy users of task relations, which enable them to mark tasks as related, blocking, or blocked by other tasks. When blockages are resolved, the affected task assignees are notified automatically. With the help of MeisterTask, Virgin Hyperloop One’s IT department manages and maintains the network systems for their 200+ team members, providing them with the means to develop the next generation of transportation systems, and change how humanity will travel in the future. Change the Future, Together. Try MeisterTask Now FREE Try MeisterTask Now

The Companys Supply Chain Management Processes - 2003 Words

Before suggesting new initiatives for Air Products, this study will first discuss the company s Supply Chain Management processes, processes that could be greatly improved by BPR. A business process is a collection of linked tasks that result in the delivery of a service or product to a client. A business process is also understood to be a set or activities and tasks that once completed, will accomplish an organizational goal. A business is an organizational system in which economic resources (input) are transformed by various business processes (processing) into goods and services (output). Business processes include marketing, developing, producing, and delivering products and services that support customers (O Brien, 2011). In the†¦show more content†¦Through its SCM, Air Products delivers its LNG in bulk (in liquid or gaseous form) by tanker or tube trailer and usually stored in its liquid state, in equipment designed and installed typically by the company at the customer s site for vaporizing into gaseous state needed. Liquid of the world. I will make recommendations for how this business process can be reengineered in accordance to the company s values of quality, innovation, and service through Business Process Reengineering (BPR) (Hammer, 110). BPR is a management approach involving a fundamental rethinking and radical design of the business process to achieve dramatic improvements in critical contemporary measures of performance such as cost, quality, service and speed. BPR elevates efficiency and effectiveness of the company s processes that exist within and across the organizations. The key to BPR is for the company to examine its business processes from a clean slate perspective and determine how they can best construct these processes to improve how they conduct business. This perspective enables the designers of the business processes to dissociate themselves from the current process and focus on developing a new process. The goals BPR seeks to accomplish can be achieved by taking steps such as 1) subsuming information processing work into the real work that produces the information; 2) Treat

Essay on Character Relationships in Under Milk Wood by...

Character Relationships in Under Milk Wood by Dylan Thomas Select four pairs of characters from Under Milk Wood and discuss their relationships. In my essay I will talk about the following pairs: Mr Pugh and Mrs Pugh, Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard and Mr Ogmore and Mr Pritchard, Cherry Owen and Mrs Cherry Owen Miss Myfanwy Price and Mr Mog Edwards. Mr and Mrs Pugh do not have a very good relationship - they dont get on at all. Mrs Pugh is always criticizing and nagging. She says to Mr Pugh that persons with manners do not read at table, and that some persons were brought up in pigsties. Mrs Pugh is never pleased and is always complaining at her husband. Mr Pugh tries to†¦show more content†¦They are always cleaning and tidying up for her: Mr Ogmore - I must put on rubber gloves and search the peke for fleas. Mr Pritchard - and dust the parlour and spray the canary. Mrs Ogmore-Pritchard is very controlling over her dead husbands. She is totally obsessed with cleaning, and everything has to be tidy: And before you let the sun in, mind it wipes its shoes. She is very clean and hygienic, strict and firm. She doesnt let her dead husbands rest in peace, she never leaves them alone - she keeps calling them back to her. Mrs Ogmore Pritchard lives in a guesthouse, but she doesnt ever let anyone stay in case they mess up her perfect immaculate house: I dont want persons in my nice clean rooms, breathing all over the chairs. Cherry Owen and Mrs Cherry Owen are probably the only couple that are actually happy together. Mrs Cherry Owen is always laughing at her husband. She never minds him being drunk all the time, and talks about the silly things he does when he comes home from the pub: Remember last night? In you reeled my boy, as drunk as a deacon. She is a very optimistic and cheerful woman. When Mr Cherry Own says that shes got two husbands, one drunk, and one sober, Mrs Cherry Owen simply replies: And arent I a luckyShow MoreRelatedDylan Thomas Under Milk Wood Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesDylan Thomas Under Milk Wood deals with the simplicity of life, stressing the importance of each cobble, donkey, [and] goose; we must rejoice in the simple aspects of life which ultimately make it so wonderful. There are many characters in the play who would attempt to hide from reality behind their germ-free blinds and sealed window[s], consuming themselves with insipid activities which do not bring the joy of the spring sun into their lives. Thomas treats these characters with humourRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesmore memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. -Dylan Thomas, â€Å"Fern Hill† 3. allusion: A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage of literature, often without explicit identification. Allusions can originate in mythology, biblical references, historical events, legendsRead MoreStructuralism and Interpretation Ernest Hemingways Cat in Ther Ain9284 Words   |  38 Pagescontracts) and disjunctional (departure and returns). These functions are not simply identifiable from the surface structure of a narrative text: for instance, several characters may perform the function of one actant, or one character may combine the functions of two actants. All concepts are semantically defined by a binary relationship with their opposites (e.g., Life/Death) or negatives (e.g., Life:Death::Non-Life:Non-Death), so that all narrative can be seen as the transformation into actants andRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pages Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reason history is an act of individual and national self-assertion Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · political pamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is tested by a seductive male Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · patriotism grows

21st Century Classrooms - Annotated Bibliography Essay

Thesis †¢ Research shows that the integration of 21st Century technology increases student achievement and engagement. 1. Caruso, C. (2008). Bringing Online Learning to Life. Educational Leadership, 65(8) 70. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. a. This article discusses the use of the Internet in the classroom and how it can be used to personalize education. The effectiveness of the Internet in the classroom is evaluated at the Henry Hudson Regional School in Highlands, New Jersey. A faculty member at the school explains that the Internet was introduced to their classrooms to expand limited electives, advanced placement, and foreign language offerings. The use of the Internet allows small schools to provide an education that would not be†¦show more content†¦Retrieved from EBSCOhost. a. The article presents information on conducting timely research that may significantly influence education policy and practice. A report has been recently released from the Childrens Partnership--Measuring Digital Opportunity for Americas Children: Where We Stand and Where We Go From Here. On the basis of 40 indicators, the reports Digital Opportunity Measuring Stick shows how U.S. children and young adults use information and communications technology in ways that relate to their achievement, health, economic opportunity, and civic participation. U.S. children are benefiting from technology-enabled opportunities. The potential of information and communications technology to improve student achievement. 5. Corcoran, E. (2009). Getting to The Top of the Class. Forbes, 184(6), 40. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. a. The article discusses technological innovations for the classroom. Smart Technologies has developed what they call smart boards, large interactive screens which can be connected to the Internet and manipulated by students by their fingers or a stylus. 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Aristotle and Citizenship Essay Example For Students

Aristotle and Citizenship Essay For Aristotle the human is by nature destined to live in a political association. Yet not all who live in the political association are citizens, and not all citizens are given equal share in the power of association. The idea of Polity is that all citizens should take short turns at ruling (VII, 1332 b17-27). It is an inclusive form of government: everyone has a share of political power. Aristotle argues that citizen are those who are able to participate in the deliberative and judicial areas of government (III, 1279a32-34). However, not all who live in a political association are citizens. Women, children, slaves, and alien residents are not citizens. Some groups; the rich, the poor, those who come from noble families and the virtuous, can claim power in the state. Polis exits by nature, and human beings are naturally adapted to live in a Polis (II, 1253a1-3). Initially appears the family. Then several families amalgamate to form a village. When several villages amalgamate into a community large enough to be self-sufficient, they form a state, Polis. Polis comes to be for the sake of living, but it remains in existance for the sake of living well (II, 1252 b28). According to Aristotle, studying the mature and fully developed specimen is the best way to understand the nature of being. To comprehend the nature of the thing one does not need to look to its origin but to its full development. Every city-state exists by NATURE, since the first communities do. For the city-state is their end, and nature is an end; for we say that each things nature is the character it has when its coming-into-being has been completed. Moreover, that for the sake that something exists its end, is best, and self-sufficiency is both end and best. Then, a city-state is among the things that exist by nature, consequently a human being is by nature a political animal (I, 1252 b29-1253 a3). A political animal means an animal whose nature is to live in a Polis or city, not isolated or in small groups. Civilization is the natural state for the human animal. It is the natural state not in the sense that it is the original state, but in the sense that the natural goal of human development is life in cities. Aristotle recognizes that There is a natural distinction, between what is female and what is servile (I, 1252 b1-2). However, they are normally subordinate to men: the relation of male to female is that of natural superior to natural inferior, and that of ruler to ruled (I, 1254 b13-15). Women and children are ruled, not as slaves for the masters benefit, but for their own good, just as the rulers of a city must seek the good of the citizens, not the good of the rulers. The rule of husband over wife is a constitutional government. The rule of father over children is royal government. For a man rules his wife and children both as free people, but not in the same way: instead, he rules his wife the way a state man does, and his children the way a king does. For a male, unless he is somehow constituted contrary to nature, is naturally more fitted to rule then a female and someone older and completely developed is naturally more fitted to lead then some one younger and incompletely developed (I, 1259a 39-1259b 4). The relation of husband to wife is like the relationship of ruler to ruled in a constitutional government. In which citizens take turns to rule because the natures of the citizens are equal and do not differ at all, though it is customary to pay the rulers special respect; but in marriage, there is a permanent inequality. In most cases of rule the statesmen, it is true, people take turns at ruling and being ruled, because they tend by nature to be on an equal footing and to differ in nothing. .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .postImageUrl , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:hover , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:visited , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:active { border:0!important; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:active , .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc8a4068e6bee4e68c54b2c0dd40e82b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King jr. Essay Nevertheless, whenever one person is ruling and another being ruled, the one ruling tries to distinguish him-self in demeanor, title, or rank from the ruled; Male is permanently related to female in this way(I, 1259 b5-9). Slaves .

Nazism Essays (2206 words) - Adolf Hitler, Nazi Germany,

Nazism NAZISM The National Socialist German Workers' Party almost died one morning in 1919. It numbered only a few dozen grumblers' it had no organization and no political ideas. But many among the middle class admired the Nazis' muscular opposition to the Social Democrats. And the Nazis themes of patriotism and militarism drew highly emotional responses from people who could not forget Germany's prewar imperial grandeur. In the national elections of September 1930, the Nazis garnered nearly 6.5 million votes and became second only to the Social Democrats as the most popular party in Germany. In Northeim, where in 1928 Nazi candidates had received 123 votes, they now polled 1,742, a respectable 28 percent of the total. The nationwide success drew even faster... in just three years, party membership would rise from about 100,000 to almost a million, and the number of local branches would increase tenfold. The new members included working-class people, farmers, and middle-class professionals. They were both better educated and younger then the Old Fighters, who had been the backbone of the party during its first decade. The Nazis now presented themselves as the party of the young, the strong, and the pure, in opposition to an establishment populated by the elderly, the weak, and the dissolute. Hitler was born in a small town in Austria in 1889. As a young boy, he showed little ambition. After dropping out of high school, he moved to Vienna to study art, but he was denied the chance to join Vienna academy of fine arts. When WWI broke out, Hitler joined Kaiser Wilhelmer's army as a Corporal. He was not a person of great importance. He was a creature of a Germany created by WWI, and his behavior was shaped by that war and its consequences. He had emerged from Austria with many prejudices, including a powerful prejudice against Jews. Again, he was a product of his times... for many Austrians and Germans were prejudiced against the Jews. In Hitler's case the prejudice had become maniacal it was a dominant force in his private and political personalities. Anti-Semitism was not a policy for Adolf Hitler--it was religion. And in the Germany of the 1920s, stunned by defeat, and the ravages of the Versailles treaty, it was not hard for a leader to convince millions that one element of the nation's society was responsible for most of the evils heaped upon it. The fact is that Hitler's anti-Semitism was self-inflicted obstacle to his political success. The Jews, like other Germans, were shocked by the discovery that the war had not been fought to a standstill, as they were led to believe in November 1918, but that Germany had , in fact, been defeated and was to be treated as a vanquished country. Had Hitler not embarked on his policy of disestablishing the Jews as Germans, and later of exterminating them in Europe, he could have counted on their loyalty. There is no reason to believe anything else. On the evening of November 8, 1923, Wyuke Vavaruab State Cinnussuiber Gustav Rutter von Kahr was making a political speech in Munich's sprawling B?rgerbr?ukeller, some 600 Nazis and right-wing sympathizers surrounded the beer hall. Hitler burst into the building and leaped onto a table, brandishing a revolver and firing a shot into the ceiling. ?The National Revolution,? he cried, ?has begun!? At that point, informed that fighting had broken out in another part of the city, Hitler rushed to that scene. His prisoners were allowed to leave, and they talked about organizing defenses against the Nazi coup. Hitler was of course furious. And he was far from finished. At about 11 o'clock on the morning of November 9--the anniversary of the founding of the German Republic in 1919--3,000 Hitler partisans again gathered outside the B?rgerbr?ukeller. To this day, no one knows who fired the first shot. But a shot rang out, and it was followed by fusillades from both sides. Hermann G?ring fell wounded in the thigh and both legs. Hitler flattened himself against the pavement; he was unhurt. General Ludenorff continued to march stolidly toward the police line, which parted to let him pass through (he was later arrested, tried and acquitted). Behind him, 16 Nazis and three policemen lay sprawled dead among the many wounded. The next year, R?hm and his band joined forces with the fledgling National Socialist Party in Adolf Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch. Himmler took part in that uprising, but he played such a minor role that he escaped arrest. The R?hm-Hitler alliance survived the Putsch, and ?hm's 1,500-man band grew into the

Business Visits London Oxford U Warsaw Essay

Business Visits London Oxford U Warsaw Essay Business Visits London Oxford U Warsaw Essay London/Warsaw/Oxford University, July 2014 Please answer the following exam questions and submit your write-up through SafeAssign at Blackboard by July 20th. Question One (1): â€Å"Explaining the Decline of the British Economy,† McGraw’s three contrasting views Answer: Document 2 most closely aligns with the views of Yergin and Stanislaw in The Commanding Heights? First step for me was to break down the key tenets of all four documents briefly described in Table 1, which support my analysis written after the table. Table 1: Compares the key point made is each of the four documents cited: â€Å"Explaining the Decline of the British Economy† â€Å"Commanding Heights†, Yergin, Stanislaw Doc 1: Neoclassical, Sandberg, key points: Doc 2: Institutional Perspective, Elbaum, Lazonick, key points: Doc 3: Why has Britain â€Å"Failed†?, Dahrendorf Chapter 4, â€Å"The Mad Monk: Britain’s Market Revolution† Incompetence Decline in industrial competitiveness Homogeneity of Japan, Singapore Inflation from 7% to 24% Poor leadership Laggard Social ethics Tax rates exceedingly high irredentism Decline per capita income Political values Decentralized management Slow tech â€Å"British disease† â€Å"relegation zone† No national industry strategy Labor costs Neg. entrepreneurship GNP 16 competitor nations Labor unions: conflict, strikes, high wages Labor unions Complex global changes Empire’s sun setting â€Å"Maggie’s back in town†; confidence End of colonialism Too conservative Industry revolution moved on to GE, US Laggard initiative, enterprise, and entrepreneurship Comparative advantage (-) Atomistic – many reasons Still has niche qualifications Slowed demand, slow growth Foreign competition Nepotism, 3d gen aristocracy No EU marriage Torpid socialism, lethargy Resource paucity Poor accounting Talent emigrates Societal complacency Globalization begins No systems approach Brain drain Destructive downward spiral Wealth distribution Organization insufficient Aristocracy v. serfs Crises: war, fiscal, industrial World is changing Regional, vertical specialization Entitlement Controlled inflation with supply v. demand Inefficiency Products narrowly distributed Some mobility OK Oil crisis Mgt errors, mistakes Small staff, untrained family management Solidarity v. individualism Coal miner strikes Buyouts Inevitable global change; momentary confidence post-Falklands Not failure, but relative decline Statism, too conservative Scale, scope (-) Entrenched institutions No â€Å"rat race† Wealth sought for the nation, not individuals Emergent markets Robust invest. Banks in London Emulation v. origination Falklands temporarily restored confidence; incentivized for a few years Loss of entrepreneurship Firms used family  £ or SE Balance of payments skewed; overspent, overtaxed High corporate taxes Hierarchical oligopoly Keynesian full employment All facets centrally controlled â€Å"Nanny state† repudiation Corporate capitalism Free market v. monetarism Unions, labor, strikes Should have assaulted consensus thinking Euro-colonial ends, aging Insufficient long-term planning Complacency v. transformation Techs became second class Poor quality end products Irreversible historical forces Question One (1) (cont.): Britain’s decline can be explained objectively. However, in the aggregate, â€Å"British disease† was inevitable, and an irreversible sign of changing times in international commerce. Many global and domestic factors beyond Britain’s control included decrease in demand at home, unsophisticated capitalization and foreign investments, and inept management. From 1870 forward there was a burgeoning transition of wealth and power facing Britain leading up to both World Wars, when the US emerged as the global power. The decline in Britain can be compared in many ways to the demise of the Phoenicians, Greeks, Tripoli, the Dutch, and Ottomans to cite a few other historically temporal entrepot-trade and seafaring nations and city states. Each in time were eclipsed by

Field Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Field Study - Essay Example At the same time, students that have no difficulties with sleep may further illustrate those areas in which behavior patterns might be changed to facilitate adequate sleep. To determine the current state of sleep levels among college students and the contributing causes, I devised a survey intended to explore the issue. Questions on the survey pertaining directly to sleep included ‘how many times do you take a nap each week?’, ‘how long does it usually take you to fall asleep?’, ‘how many times do you wake up during the night?’, ‘why do you wake up during the night?’ and ‘how many hours of sleep do you normally get each night?’ Questions pertaining to causes included ‘do you exercise regularly?’, ‘what do you drink most everyday?’, ‘have you been diagnosed with a sleep disorder?’, ‘what is your number 1 cause of short-term sleeping disorders?’ and ‘how are you treating your sleep disorder?’ The survey was conducted by randomly selecting 15 students between the ages of 18 and 23 (7 boys and 8 girls) from a psychology class wh o volunteered to complete the survey. There were five questions on the survey that related directly to the sleep experienced by the respondent. Five of the respondents said they didn’t nap during the week and none of them said they took four or more naps per week. However, the remaining ten respondents indicated they did nap at least once during the week (4 took one nap per week, 4 took two naps per week and the remaining 2 took three naps per week). Only two of the respondents indicated they fell asleep easily, within the first five minutes of lying down. Five of the respondents said they fell asleep 5-15 minutes after lying down while another three said it took them at least half an hour to go to sleep. The remaining five respondents said it took them more than 30 minutes to get to sleep. Most of the

Tourism is only about the pursuit of pleasure Essay

Tourism is only about the pursuit of pleasure - Essay Example South East European Journal of Economics & Business. In the past decades, there is a continuous development of how individuals allocate their free time on leisure activities and trips. Leisure time is what separates an individual's life from work or school activities, mainly focusing on the purpose to enjoy. In most cases, leisure time is allocated during holiday and vacation dates wherein people travel. Tourism is defined as the utilization of leisure time to travel and visit various destinations. It is an activity in which people participate in, but is not considered a necessity for daily living. There is also an evident growth worldwide in regards to economic development in various countries. In accordance to its economical contributions, governments perceive tourism as a channel that offers employment opportunities. In regards to the leisure aspect, it has also defines an individual's quality of life, as it enables one to bask in a more suitable ambiance of relaxation away from d aily activities at work and home. Perez, E.A. (2000). Tourist expenditure for mass tourism markets. Annals of Tourism Research. Tourism is both viewed as a right and an opportunity. The notion of tourism becoming an individual's right is associated with holiday privileges that usually encourage and promote tourism. The opportunity aspect is associated with less privileged nations who employ tourism strategies. Traveling in a global scale has been made easier due to better rates in airlines and tourism packages. People using money on facultative services like travel and tourism has been perceived as an inexpensive commodity as compared to other household allocations. Farrell, B. and Twining-Ward, L. (2004). Reconceptualizing tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. The emergence of credit cards have fortified the convenience of participating in travel opportunities. Apart from that, the development in technology has also made booking flights and hotel reservations easier and faster. In t his regard, tourism continues to be integrated in peoples' lives as an activity one can engage in. Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research. Tourism is now deemed as a social construct that modified society from traditional industries of production and manufacturing, into consumer centric based services. Many countries have also taken part in increasing leisure time through holiday entitlements, so that they may be able to involve themselves with leisure activities such as tourism. Wang (1999) had conceptualized a framework that embodies the system applied in tourism that encompasses the tourist, a destination and transportation. It is a cycle wherein a tourist visits a certain destination and returns after a period of time. During travels, people also engage in tours that allow them to visit localities in their area of destination. Bruner, E. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. In evaluating touris m, one must consider the following: (1) The purpose of the travel, which can be celebration, annual visits, business or holiday purposes; (2) The duration of the tourism activity; and the (3) projected situations during the tourism visit. The purposes of travel or tourism visit can vary, but it all falls under the motive of pleasure. Tourism is considered as an experience on the basis of seeking

Malaysian Market For Sago Palm

Malaysian Market For Sago Palm In this chapter, we will discuss the background of Malaysia market for sago. The discussion of the market consists of production, consumption, export and price. To understand about sago, we will first briefly discuss on sago palm, sago starch and sago processing. 1.1 Sago Palm Sago palm or Metroxylon sagu is a crop that produces starch for food and non-food processing industries. Sago palm is widely cultivated in Sarawak with more than 60,000 hectare of area recently. Commercial cultivation area for sago palm was increased from 43 hectare in 1988 to 10,700 hectare in 1996 and the remaining was cultivated by smallholders. In year 2000, there are 21 sago processing plants which produced around 60,000 tonne of sago starch. In west Malaysia, sago palm cultivation is too small with only 2 sago processing plant operated in Johor. 1.2 Sago Starch Most of sago starch that been produced in Sarawak is used in west Malaysia (almost 30,000 tonne). Sago also been exported as high quality food grade starch and low quality industry grade starch. Export for food grade starch was increased from 3,600 tonne in 1985 to 11,000 tonne in 1995 while export for industry grade starch was decreased from 8,400 tonne in 1985 to 5,100 tonne in 1995. The major destinations for sago starch export are Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand and Thailand. 1.3 Sago Processing Sago Palm Sago palm took 10 to 15 years to be matured. When sago palm is matured, it will be felt down so that its trunk can be cut. Sago palm has a huge trunk, upright, reaches a height of 10-12 meters, with the contents of the soft and contain high starch content. It is a staple food source for indigenous people in Sabah and Sarawak, including ethnic Bisaya, and Melanau. Sago Log Sago trunk is cut into section with each section is 75 cm to 90 cm long. This section is known as sago log. Every sago trunk yield around 10 to 12 sago log. Then, these sago logs will be tied together in the form of rafts and tugged by boats to sago processing plant through river. Sometimes, these sago logs are carried by lorry to sago processing plant. Processing Sago Starch Processing of sago starch is done in the sago processing plant. In the sago extraction process, the sago logs are first debarked, followed by maceration using a rasper. Newer types of raspers have eliminated the need for debarking. The sago chips resulting from the maceration process are then further disintegrated using a hammer mill. The starch slurry is then passed through a series of centrifugal sieves to remove the coarse fibres. Cyclone separators are then used to extract the starch which is then dried using a rotary vacuum drum drier, followed by hot air drying. 1.4 Malaysia Market for Sago Source: Department of Agriculture, Sarawak. Agricultural Statistics of Sarawak From table 1.4, we can see how the development and the status of sago industries in Malaysia were. The number figure shows inconsistency in the export of sago starch every single year. Thus, it is influenced by the current economic climate. We can see that the figure of the total export of sago starch are not really consistence compared to its price which is going high all the way starting from the year of 1993 until it reaches its highest price in the year 1998. The year after, the figure shows that the price is going down. Even though, the total of production was increased in 2002 and 2003. The lowest price ever was in year 1993 where it was only around RM584 per tonne for industry grade starch and RM596 per tonne for food grade starch. The highest price was RM915 per tonne for industry grade starch and RM 897 food grade starch in the year 1998; a year after the economic erosion occurs. From the view of total export quantity and production, Malaysia produced the highest quantity of sago starch back in the year 1995 where it reaches its highest possible production with exported quantity up to 45,130.96 tonne for food grade starch and 4,816.43 tonne for industry grade starch. The lowest total production was in the year 1997 where only 27,285.50 tonne of food grade starch and 5,121.83 tonne of industry grade starch were exported; the same year when the economic erosion occurs. If referred to the net export value, the biggest amount is during the sago price recorded its highest price which is in year 1998. The amount is RM5, 638,142. Meanwhile, the lowest export value was in year 1993 with the net total of export value is RM2, 314,787. CHAPTER 2: CURRENT POLICIES DESCRIPTION 2.0 Introduction This chapter will discuss the agricultural policies relevant to sago; providing an accurate, clear understanding of the policies affecting the market for sago and its product. There are 4 policies that relevant to sago consist of policies by the Malaysia government (federal) and Sarawak government (state). 2.1 Sarawak Policy on Sago Plantation (Before NAP3) The Sarawak government is trying to pioneer the cultivation of sago on a plantation scale, trying to tap 20th century agricultural technology and large-scale organisational structure to grow this supposedly wonder crop. The aim of sago plantations is the application of modern, scientific agricultural technology and a large-scale institutional organisation, to exploit the cultivation of sago that has thus far been cultivated in a very primitive and semi-wild fashion. This is the first attempt at growing sago on a plantation scale anywhere in the world. Since the clone material and plantation technology for sago palm have not been established by private entrepreneurs, Sarawak government had developed the policies to cultivate sago palm on a plantation scale. With proper drainage, maintenance and fertilizer in plantation, sago palm will mature faster. This will increase the productivity of sago palm which supply starch to the local and international market. 2.2 Third National Agricultural Policy (NAP3) on Sago (1998-2010) In NAP3, sago is fallen under the group of new product and future industries. The policy objective for this group is: To develop innovative products and new industries which will provide source for the development of agriculture in the future The strategies for this policy are: To strengthen the economy base To generate and encourage private sector participation To reduce cost and increased productivity, commercial sago cultivation in large scale by private sector has been encouraged. This has been done alone by private sector and in collaboration with government subsidiaries. Infrastructures and basic facilities have been provided by the government to support the production of sago by private sector. Furthermore, cultivation with high quality seeds and better agronomy practices has been done to increase the productivity of sago smallholders. Sago cultivation has been encouraged on peat soil area in Sarawak due to the suitable of this crop with peat soil. This is the best way to use peat soil area in natured way. Production of value-added sago based products have been implemented to wider the market opportunities. The products include modified sago starch, sorbitol, dextrin and ascorbic acid. Research and development on both upstream and downstream activities for sago has been strengthen. The activities include: Breeding high quality crops material Farm management Processing technology New products development Usage of side products including wasted materials and sago scraps Sago smallholders have been encouraged to wider their farm through institution support. Research and market encouragement for sago starch and other sago products have been stressed due to strengthen the existing market and venture the new market. Sago processing plants have been encouraged to practice quality control management. Investment and strategic raw material gain for upstream industry has been encouraged. This is to sustain the supply of sago in the industry. To control the wasted materials and sago scraps, pollution control management has been implemented. 2.3 Sarawak Policy on Sago (Based on NAP3) Sarawak Policy on Sago has been formulated, planned and developed from NAP3 by Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak (MoMA). The policy is for sago starch-based product industry as a potential industry and sago as a crop industry. For sago starch-based product industry as a potential industry, the policy objective is: To explore new frontier industry which might have substantial return to the local producers and the economy The strategies for this policy are: To encourage private sector participation To intensify research and development on sago starch product development For sago as a crop industry, the policy objective is: To develop and expand sago industry and exploit the opportunities of market of sago and sago starch-based products The strategies for this policy are: To assist smallholder in planting sago using mini estate approach To encourage private sector participation in planting and processing of sago 2.4 Ninth Malaysia Plan; Policy on Sago Under the Ninth Malaysia Plan, sago is one of the crops that included in land consolidation and rehabilitation. Land consolidation and rehabilitation will be continued on a larger scale to accelerate the modernisation of smallholdings as well as increase productivity of the crops. CHAPTER 3: OBJECTIVE Objective To determine Sago cultivation area in Sarawak To determine policy implication on Sago industry in Sarawak To determine the changes of policy in Sago industry CHAPTER 4: POLICY ANALYSIS 4.0 Introduction In this chapter, we will analyze the effects of policy that have been discussed in the previous chapter. The policy that we will analyze here is the Sarawak Policy on Sago based on NAP3. 4.1 Effects on Sago Cultivation Area According to Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin (1999), the aim of sago plantations is the application of modern, scientific agricultural technology and a large-scale institutional organisation, to exploit the cultivation of sago that has thus far been cultivated in a very primitive and semi-wild fashion. With commercial planting on large scale have been encouraged through the policies, the sago cultivation area was increased. The estimated area for sago cultivation in 1998 is 45,000 ha and it increased to 60,700 ha in 2000 (Third National Agricultural Policy, 1998) Since year 2000, the estimated area for sago cultivation in Sarawak is over 60,000 ha and slowly increased from year to year. The increment of sago cultivation area in Sarawak from year 2000 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005). Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Hectares (ha) 60,709 61,523 62,141 63,053 62,308 % compared to other crops 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.1 6.7 Table 4.1: Estimated Area for Sago Cultivation Source: Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 Even though the area for sago cultivation is increased in term of hectares, but in term of percentage compared to other crops, sago cultivation is decreased. The policies might be effective to increase the area of sago cultivation, but the increment is rather too slow compared to other crops especially oil palm. Figure 4.1.1: Sago Cultivation Area in Sarawak Source: Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 Figure 4.1.2: Percentage of Sago Cultivation Area Compared to Other Crops in Sarawak Source: Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 4.2 Effects on Sago Starch Export and Starch Import The highest sago starch export was in 1998 with 46,518.43 tonne of sago starch was exported and the value of it was RM41, 855,722 with price per tonne is RM897 for food grade starch and RM915 for industry grade starch (Craun Research Sdn Bhd, 2004). After 1998, the sago starch export decreased making the worst export value was in year 2000 with only 36,382.78 tonne was exported and the value of it was RM29,782,916 with price per tonne is RM830 for food grade starch and RM766 for industry grade starch. This might be derived from the price drop of starch in world market. The effects of the policies were only been seen after year 2000 where the export value of sago starch increased every year starting from year 2001 to 2004. Only in year 2003, the export value was decreased by RM55,000. The export value of sago starch from year 1998 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005). Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Export Value (RM000) 42,182 36,450 29,783 30,680 32,165 32,110 37,020 Table 4.2.1: The Export Value of Sago Starch SOURCE: Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 While exporting sago starch, Malaysia still has to import other starch due to local consumption. In year 1997, estimated total production of sago starch in Malaysia is 60,000 tonne with almost 30,000 was used for local consumption (Third National Agricultural Policy, 1998). In 1998, the import value of starch was RM552,000 made it was the highest import value for starch. With local demand for starch is good for food and non-food industries, the policies were able to support the supply of starch in local market. It helps to reduce the import value of starch in 1999 to RM55,000. From this year, the import value of starch per year was going up and down where in year 2000 there is no starch was imported. The import value of starch from year 1998 to 2004 is shown as below (Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005). Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Import Value (RM000) 552 55 134 0 45 71 57 Table 4.2.2: The Import Value of Starch Source : Ministry of Modernisation of Agriculture Sarawak, 2005 Figure 3.2: Export Value of Sago Starch and Import Value of Starch from 1998 to 2004 4.3 Effect on Sago Research Involvement According to Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin (1999), there was no private group and only two government centres carrying out research on sago in Malaysia. Researches on sago are important to avoid the extinction of sago industry in Malaysia. When the policies were implemented, Land Custody and Development Authority of Sarawak (PELITA) have formed Craun Research Sdn Bhd to carry out research and development on sago. Craun Research Sdn Bhd was once lead by former Sarawak MARDI Director, Mr. Yusup Bin Sobeng. The policies also encouraged local universities to carry out research on sago. With UPM already carry out researches on sago before the policies; UNIMAS have joined them to do more researches on sago. Recently on 4 August 2006, UNIMAS signed an MOU with New Century Fermentation Research Co. Ltd. (NECFER) of Fukoka to enable both institutions to cooperate and collaborate in the establishment of the fermentation parameters and structural set-up in a joint research and development endeavour on sago starch fermentation for large-scale production of ethanol and lactic acid. 4.4 Effects on Private Sector Involvement in Sago Plantation Presently, sago is grown in Sarawak as a smallholders crop (Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin, 1999). When Land Custody and Development Authority of Sarawak (PELITA) started the development of two sago plantations; Dalat Sago Plantation and Mukah Sago Plantation, several private companies in Sarawak got the initiative to involve in sago industry. With the policy encouraged private sector participation in planting and processing of sago, the numbers of private companies involve in sago plantation and processing had increase. Now, private companies which involve in sago industry have their own association for the benefits of members in the industry. Sarawak Sago Manufacturers Association is the well known sago companies association in Sarawak. It is joined by: Nee Seng Ngeng Sons Sago Industries Sdn Bhd Nitsei Sago Industries Sdn Bhd Song Ngeng Sago Industries (EM) Sdn Bhd C. L. Nee Sago Industries Sdn Bhd Grand Safeways (S) Sdn Bhd Igan Sago Industries Sdn Bhd 4.5 Effects on Traditional Sago Starch Production Before the policy was introduced, there were 11 modern sago processing plants in Sarawak which had fixed assets and equipment valued around RM2-RM5 million (Chew, Abu Hassan Isa and Mohd. Ghazali Mohayidin, 1999). The policy helps to increase this number to 21 modern sago processing plant in year 2000. The increasing number of modern sago processing plant had slowly replaced the production of traditional sago starch called lemantak with high quality, dry sago flour. 4.6 Effects on Sago Starch Contribution in World Starch Market In the world market, sago starch has to compete with other starch such as maize starch, potato starch, cassava starch and wheat starch. According to ISO Technical Committees (2005), the world starch output was estimated to be 48.5 million tons in year 2000. Below is the total export value (in USD) for starches in world market based on type of starches between years 2000 to 2002 (ISO Technical Committees, 2005). 2000 2001 2002 Wheat Starch 79,299,188 66,494,945 71,158,617 Maize Starch 247,354,215 254,598,496 250,744,561 Potato Starch 186,513,628 192,451,543 189,591,770 Cassava Starch 155,221,419 146,818,270 27,307,528 Other Starch 44,592,792 42,295,983 42,245,903 Table 3.6: Export Value (USD) for Starches in World Market Source: ISO Technical Committees, 2005 Other starch in table 3.6 refers to barley starch, rice starch, sago starch and waxy xaize starch. Though the export value of other starch is decreased from year 2000 to 2002, it was only 5% reduction compared to 82% reduction of cassava starch. However, the percentage or reduction for other starch including sago starch is higher than wheat starch, maize starch and potato starch. The policy to develop and expand sago industry in Malaysia helps to make Malaysia been acknowledged as one of the main exporter for starch in the world market. Malaysia also been acknowledged as the highest sago starch exporter in the world (ISO Technical Committees, 2005). CHAPTER 5: POLICY IMPLICATIONS This chapter will discuss the positive and negative aspects of the policies analyzed in the previous chapter. The discussion demonstrates a close relationship between the analysis in the previous chapter and the implications drawn in this chapter about the positive and negative aspects of the policies analyzed. 5.1 Positive Aspects First positive aspect, the policies implicate the sago cultivation to be increased. With 1.69 million hectares of peat soil in Sarawak, the policies had increased the sago cultivation area. This was due to the encouragement of private sector participation in sago plantation and the assistant of smallholder in planting sago using mini estate approach. Private sectors will not just focusing to oil palm plantation in term of the land usage in Sarawak. Even though sago is less profitable compared to oil palm, the policies which imply government support in sago cultivation helps to involve private sector in sago cultivation. Second positive aspect, the policies implicate the export and import of starch in Malaysia. With current consumption of starch in Malaysia is estimated around 100,000 tonne per year, the policies help to increase the supply of starch for local consumption. More than half of sago starch is been exported because of its high value as food grade starch and industry grade starch. This is more profitable than using it for local consumption. However, the usage of sago starch for local consumption still can support the local demand where the import value of starch in Malaysia is far too small (below RM80,000 from year 2001) compared to the export value of sago starch. Third positive aspect, the policies implicate the sago researches involvement in Malaysia. The policies help to increase the number of government subsidiaries and private group involvement in sago researches and development. The researches mostly focus on increasing its starch yield, reducing the gestation period of sago and reducing the cost of sago production. Fourth positive aspect, the policies implicate the income of sago smallholders. With most of sago palm is cultivated by smallholders, the policies help to increase their income. Most of sago farmers are having income from non-sago agricultural activities or from off-farm employment. This is because sago palm has the gestation period of 10 to 15 years which considered as too long to generate income. The policies are focusing on economic strategies in planting sago at farm level where the farmers can maximize the profit in sago cultivation. Fifth positive aspect, the policies implicate the collaboration between federal government and state government. With agriculture as the third instrument to generate Malaysias economy, the policies play an important role in developing the abundant crop such as sago. The federal government creates policies to develop sago cultivation for the state government. Then the state government will innovatively formulate, plan and develop the policies to be implemented. The policies consist of budget and land for sago cultivation. Finally, the policies ensured sago not to be abundant and will be developed to support the agriculture industry as well as other industries in Malaysia. 5.2 Negative Aspects First negative aspect, the policies implicate the manipulation of private companies in sago industry. Most of private companies that involve in planting and processing sago have their own association to protect their importance in the industry. They might control the price of sago section (sago trunk which is cut to yield its starch) and the fee for transportation to factories. When this happened, the sago smallholders might gain small profit or even worst they gain loss. Second negative aspect, the policies implicate the traditional value of sago processing. With the number of modern sago processing plant is increased, the traditional, small-scale cottage mills which produce a type of inferior wet sago called lementak for the local markets are slowly being wiped out. The Melanau community especially will slowly lose their traditional way in processing sago. Finally, the policies are considered not very effective in developing sago industry. This can be seen in the small increment of sago cultivation area for the past 5 years compare to other crop in Malaysia. CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS Even though, sago is considered by many plant scientists, especially Japanese scientists, as the starch crop of the 21st century (Jong, 1995), the present method of cultivation of sago palm shows that it is currently grown using very primitive agricultural technology. Sago is at present grown essentially as a smallholder crop, producing low yields with minimal maintenance and zero fertilization. Current methods of cultivation in Sarawak is not that much different from what had occurred through the millennium and what is occurring now in the virgin, unexplored jungles of Papua New Guinea. The policy was implemented and sago industry also given impotency in Sarawak region. The cultivation area was showing increment and the yield as well, at the same time Malaysia market and world market for sago also increase. We found every policy try their level best to develop the sago industry from cultivation up to market it. Now they also start focus in research and development (RD), which will improve the sago industry. The sago plant lot of RD, to improve the plant and make it more economically profit. In sago industry there need two important thing need to improve. Make sure the plant produce high starch or high yield and decrease the gestation period that is from 10 to 15 years to 5years. The yield can be improved by good plant materiel and good plant breeding as well. This can only be achieved by a prolonged, sustained research program in plant selection and breeding work. The spectacular improvements in the yield of oil palm and its maturity period in Malaysia were achieved by a similar long-term research program, undertaken by a wide variety of governmental and private groups, beginning in the 1900s (Hartley, 1967). Unfortunately, there are currently no private groups carrying out research on sago in Malaysia. In fact, there are now only two government centers, the Dalat Sago Research Station and CRAUN (Crop Research and Application Unit, Lembaga Pembangunan dan Lindungan Tanah, Sarawak or PELITA), carrying out research on sago cultivation. The amount of research resource devoted to sago is clearly inadequate for the monumental task of converting sago from its present semi-wild status to a modern clone with high yields, short maturity periods and responsiveness to fertilizers. The proper management and good care to sago will improve Sarawak Sago industry and the policy will make the sago as golden crop of Sarawak.

Human Growth Hormone Essay -- Drugs Health Science Essays

Human Growth Hormone Human growth hormone, a substance produced in the human body, is now being sold over the Internet. Companies are marketing the product as an anti-aging product. At the web-site, http://www.awakenhgh.com, the company claims that there is a possibility that one can "stop the aging process." On the home page, they claim that the product can reduce fat and cellulite, increase energy and muscle tone, elevate mood, improve sexual performance and sleep, remove wrinkles, balance cholesterol, re-grow and re-color hair, and more. The product is a dietary oral spray that they claim contains a product that is "identical to the growth hormone manufactured in the human body" and is designed for oral consumption. They also provide a brief history of human growth hormone and how medical professionals have used it to treat children with growing deficiencies to promote a normal pattern of development. Human growth hormone used to be available through cadavers only, so they claim an inexpensive, synthe tic form is a real breakthrough for the public. The company claims that the product burns fat by increasing one’s metabolism, and that it is the "most effective anti-obesity agent ever discovered." It also "selectively" reduces the waist, hips and thighs while increasing muscle mass. Most of the improvement claims that are made do not explain how the product will do what it is purported to do. The creators claim that the HGH product is produced in an FDA approved lab, but there is a disclaimer in small print at that says that the Food & Drug Administration has not evaluated the statements that "Awaken" makes about the products. They also claim that there have been no significant side effects in children and adults with g... ...effects on the body and the mind, and without the additional cost of an unapproved supplement. Many more studies on HGH need to be done in order to learn more about the side effects and whether or not additional hormone had any positive effects on healthy individuals. The claims that are made on the internet are enticing and may possibly have medical research to back them up in some cases, but there has not been enough research done to sell this product to healthy individuals without unbiased scientific information. Works Cited Anti-aging Hormones. Harvard Womens Health Watch, 6 (8), 2-3. 1999. Inzucchi, S. (1997). Growth Hormone in Adults: Indications and Implications. Hospital Practice, 32 (1), 79-86, 90-91, 95-96. Morley, J. (1999). Growth Hormone: Fountain of Youth or Death Hormone? Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 47 (12), 1475-76. Human Growth Hormone Essay -- Drugs Health Science Essays Human Growth Hormone Human growth hormone, a substance produced in the human body, is now being sold over the Internet. Companies are marketing the product as an anti-aging product. At the web-site, http://www.awakenhgh.com, the company claims that there is a possibility that one can "stop the aging process." On the home page, they claim that the product can reduce fat and cellulite, increase energy and muscle tone, elevate mood, improve sexual performance and sleep, remove wrinkles, balance cholesterol, re-grow and re-color hair, and more. The product is a dietary oral spray that they claim contains a product that is "identical to the growth hormone manufactured in the human body" and is designed for oral consumption. They also provide a brief history of human growth hormone and how medical professionals have used it to treat children with growing deficiencies to promote a normal pattern of development. Human growth hormone used to be available through cadavers only, so they claim an inexpensive, synthe tic form is a real breakthrough for the public. The company claims that the product burns fat by increasing one’s metabolism, and that it is the "most effective anti-obesity agent ever discovered." It also "selectively" reduces the waist, hips and thighs while increasing muscle mass. Most of the improvement claims that are made do not explain how the product will do what it is purported to do. The creators claim that the HGH product is produced in an FDA approved lab, but there is a disclaimer in small print at that says that the Food & Drug Administration has not evaluated the statements that "Awaken" makes about the products. They also claim that there have been no significant side effects in children and adults with g... ...effects on the body and the mind, and without the additional cost of an unapproved supplement. Many more studies on HGH need to be done in order to learn more about the side effects and whether or not additional hormone had any positive effects on healthy individuals. The claims that are made on the internet are enticing and may possibly have medical research to back them up in some cases, but there has not been enough research done to sell this product to healthy individuals without unbiased scientific information. Works Cited Anti-aging Hormones. Harvard Womens Health Watch, 6 (8), 2-3. 1999. Inzucchi, S. (1997). Growth Hormone in Adults: Indications and Implications. Hospital Practice, 32 (1), 79-86, 90-91, 95-96. Morley, J. (1999). Growth Hormone: Fountain of Youth or Death Hormone? Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 47 (12), 1475-76.

Melville’s “Bartleby the Scrivener” Essay

In Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener,† Melville displays the life of a person, named Bartelby, who does almost nothing with his life except write. Even latter in the story, Bartelby gives up writing and on life itself. Melville’s story brings up two major themes, which include writing and freedom. The story revolves around scriveners whose job it is to constantly copy documents and in a sense become a slave to writing. Bartelby, though one of the scriveners, resists the command to do exactly what he is told and as the story unfolds, he consistently refused to do what he was told. This defiance leads the reader to question whether Bartelby was protecting his freedom or just setting himself up for an early demise. Barthe includes in his essay â€Å"The Death of the Author† that the author has no control over how his work is interpreted and the reader must decide what the work truly means. Authors are only limited to being authors when they are in the midst of writing but once they have finished their work and are not writing then the Authors are no longer authors. Freedom is constantly emphasized throughout Melville’s story because Bartelby chooses to quit writing do to the fact that he is not being a true author but only a â€Å"scriptor.† Most of â€Å"Bartelby and the Scrivener† centers on writing and how it is necessary in the law practice. Scriveners are law copyists which means their job is to copy law documents for the lawyer to have. At first, Bartelby was a dedicated worker who never stopped copying throughout the day. He did not even take the time to take a lunch break but rather had snacks delivered to him. But as the story continues, Bartelby deteriorates as a worker by first refusing to look over copied documents then finally giving up writing all together. Writing, in this story, seems to be a chore and does not require the person to be an individual in any way. The scriveners had to tediously copy documents, which explain why the scriveners were not exactly the best-qualified workers. Turkey couldn’t work in the afternoon and Nippers couldn’t work in the morning. In any other job that requires serious thought, these two would be fired due to their inability to work all day. According to Barthe, these scriveners are not authors but only scriptors because they mimic the writing and don’t create something original. Bartelby could no longer do this seemingly unimportant writing and finally just stopped writing at all. The only time Bartelby was considered a scriptor was while he was currently copying the documents because â€Å"the modern scriptor is born simultaneously with the text, is in no way equipped with a being preceding or exceeding the writing† (Barthe 145). To be a scriptor, the person must be constantly writing which explains why at the beginning of the story Bartelby never leaves his room but works throughout the day. Bartelby did this because he believed that the only time his life was worth something was when he had the title of a scriptor. Over time though having this title stopped meaning something to him and he eventually quit writing. When Bartelby lost his title of a scriptor, he lost his will to live and that is why when he was in jail he refused to eat. Freedom is an extremely complicated theme in â€Å"Bartelby and the Scrivener† because it is unclear who exactly is free. The scriveners are all slaves to writing because they must spend their time copying documents and don’t really do anything else that would lead another person to say the scriveners are living productive lives. But each scrivener exercises a bit of his or her own type of freedom. Turkey works well in the morning but as the day goes on, he tends to make more and more mistakes. The lawyer tries decides to only have Turkey work in the morning but Turkey refuses that request. This refusal shows that Turkey has a certain free will and doesn’t just spend his time mindlessly copying documents and doing exactly what the lawyer tells him to do. The much younger Nippers has the opposite problem that Turkey has and he cannot work well in the morning because Nippers needs time to get adjusted for work. At first, Bartelby looks to be the least free scrivener at work because he would work nonstop throughout the day without even taking a lunch break but as the story progressed the reader would see that this is untrue. Bartelby on several occasions refuses to do work for the lawyer and eventually stops writing all together. The lawyer is very curious with Bartelby’s response and actually seems to admire his unyielding response to looking over copies. â€Å"His steadiness, his freedom from all dissipation, his incessant industry†¦his great stillness, his unalter- ableness of demeanor under all circumstances, made him a valuable acquisition† (Melville 19). Bartelby’s decision to quit writing demonstrates his desire to become free from the tediousness of writing. Bartelby, however, cannot handle this freedom being captive by writing for so long. He needs to make choices with his freedom and he really didn’t know what to do with his life. This is why he stayed in the office until he was thrown in jail and then died of starvation because he refused to eat. Bartelby couldn’t decide what to do with his life without writing and it led to his death. The lesson learned about freedom from this story is that complete freedom means complete loneliness and helplessness. Barthes’ â€Å"Death of the Author† combines writing and freedom together in order to express how certain writings should be interpreted. Barthes explains to his readers that â€Å"a text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘Theological’ meaning but a multi-dimensional space in which variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash† (Barthes 146). This quote iterates that the author does not come up with a work that is truly original but takes aspects of different works to create his own. Barthes emphasizes that the author should not instill his own opinions in his work but rather allow the reader to have the freedom to come up with his own interpretation. This is where freedom intertwines with writing. The author must give up control of his work and allow the reader to take authority and decide what exactly is meant be the work. But also, the author’s duty is to limit how much is actually expressed in the text. â€Å"To give a text an Author is to impose a limit on that text, to furnish it with a final signified, to close the writing† (Barthes 147). The readers must separate a literary work from the author in order to free the writing from being read only as the author’s opinion. Every work of writing contains multiple interpretations. Barthes compares text to textiles by explaining that â€Å"everything is to be disentangled, nothing deciphered; the structure can be followed, ‘run’ (like the thread of a stocking) at every point and at every level, but there is nothing beneath† (Barthes 147). This quote explains that much of writing read through thoroughly but conclusions don’t necessary need to be drawn. Reading a work is much different than figuring out a puzzle. To truly grasp writing, a reader must capture the actual literature and realize exactly what each word in the writing is trying to express. The meaning of the work is derived from the ideas of the reader, rather than the thoughts of the writer. The reader has the freedom to capture whatever meaning he desires from a work of writing. Barthes explains that the author cannot put his own opinions into his own work because the reader must come up with his own interpretation of the work. Melville’s â€Å"Bartelby and the Scrivener† emphasizes this concept by showing the role of a scrivener, who only copies documents and puts nothing of himself into it. Bartelby feels like his life has been wasted just copying documents and finally decides to quit writing. Once Bartelby loses his will to write, he completely loses his will to do anything of importance, even eat. Writing must be entangled like threads of a cloth, and the author must place a limit on how much can be inferred from the text. Bartelby is not an author but only a scriptor because he is not performing art by copying legal documents. This explains why Bartelby believes his life is useless because he wasted it away copying documents. Works Cited Barthes, Melville. â€Å"Death of an Author.† 1977. Melville, Herman. â€Å"Bartelby the Scrivener.† 1870.

Quotes from African American Women