Essay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs

Chapter 1: The Invention of Writing - From the early Paleolithic to the Neolithic period (35,000 BC to 4,000 BC), early Africans and Europeans left paintings in caves, including the Lascaux caves in Southern France. - Early pictures were made for survival and for utilitarian and ritualistic purposes. - Petroglyphs are carved or scratched signs on rock. - These images became symbols for what would be the first spokenlanguage. - Cuneiform – Wedged shaped writing, created in 3000BC. Started as pictographs. - With the discovery of cuneiform, there was a knowledge explosion, where libraries were organized filling with tablets about religion, mathematics, and history. Writing enabled society to stabilize itself, and laws were†¦show more content†¦- Chinese is thought to have been invented by Tsang Chieh, who was inspired to invent writing after studying the claw marks of birds. - Chinese characters are logograms meaning that each character represents an entire word (like $ = dollar). - Paper, a Chinese invention, is attributed with the high government official Ts’ai Lun. - Ts’ai Lun’s method of making paper was unchanged until nineteenth century England. - After the invention of paper, the Chinese also began to use it for wrapping presents, wallpaper, napkins and toilet paper. - Printing was invented by the Chinese. - The first method of printing was block printing, using stamps. - Rubbings were also made by carving words into stone, then inking the stone and making a print on a piece of paper. This is also known as relief printing. - The oldest surviving printed manuscript is the Diamond Sutra. - Around 1000AD, paper money was printed. - An early form of Chinese graphic design was playing cards. - In 1045 AD, Chinese alchemist Pi Sheng developed movable type, using clay and glue. - Because types are not moveable, characters were organized by rhyme. - Moveable type never replaced the handcut woodblock of the orient. - The invention of paper and printing arrived in Europe just as the Renaissance began. Chapter 4: Illuminated Manuscripts - Hand-written books are referred to as Illuminated Manuscripts. - Two notable traditions of illuminated

Addiction a Three Part Disease - 1072 Words

Ricardo Justin Ballinas Sue Wright, M.A. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. First you must look at the way in which the chemicals affect the brain. The first attempt at partaking in any mind altering substance can be looked at as a choice to the individual. However what happens after that first†¦show more content†¦It is believed that certain individuals are predisposed or vulnerable to addiction based on biological, psychological and social influences. The euphoric high produced by many addictive substances is the result of overstimulation of the â€Å"pleasure center† of the brain. This is the same area that controls emotions, fear, self-control and overall feelings of wellness. The presence of these foreign chemicals creates a response that the brain will crave as soon as it fades. The brain’s chemistry works against its own health, as it rewires its decision making faculties around the primary goal of finding and taking more of the drug† (1). Many people mistakenly believe that psychological addiction is somehow less serious or real than physical addiction. The psychological aspects of addiction are much more challenging to repair and recover from than the physical addiction. Psychological addiction can last for years or even a lifetime. The biological aspect of addiction takes into account the genetic and inherited components of addiction, as well as the effects of addiction on the body itself. 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Organizational Citizenship Behaviors System - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors System. Answer: Introduction: Established in 1997, DSS has been providing consultation services to small school districts. In 1990s, the company saw a good growth and to manage the work the company divided its work into four major departments that was Procurement and Systems, Information Technology, Contract Negotiation, and Facilities Planning handled by department heads. In 2005, the leadership of the company fell into new hands as founders were losing their involvement in the company. Also, with the changing work demands new and expanded work areas was in demand and this led to change in the strategy of DSS. Meg Cooke become the CEO of the company and she decided to increase the companys work are to the larger district. The case presented here resolves the issue between Ms. Chris Peterson and Ms. Meg Crook. A project on which Chris and her team have worked very hard is asked to be discontinued by the CEO of the company Meg Crook (Ancona, Caldwell, 2010). Chris has been given a choice of leading the group in new directions or select the role of the functional specialist in IT. As an employee and as a leader it is crucial to understand various attributes of the organization and skills of Chris in relation with the organizational behavior and human resource development. It is on Chris to select the position she wants to be with DSS and what option would suit her best (Andrews, 2015). Point of Views As the CEO of the company Meg Crook has to integrate the new marketing strategies with the services provided by the consulting firm (Bambacas, 2010). Meg Crook took the decision to discontinue the project on which Chris Peterson was working and offered her other two options to select. If one is in place of Chris Peterson, one should analyze the situation and the factors which resulted in such decision that Meg Crook took about Chriss project. To analyze the factors, a SWOT Analysis will be we very beneficial (Erkutlu, 2011). If I have been in place of the CEO Meg Crook then, I would have at least given a chance to Chris Peterson and her team to once again go through the project and try to solve whatever minor faults it has. As a CEO wherever possible I should have given my output and then taken a decision about continuing or discontinuing the project. SWOT Analysis Chris Petersons leadership skills are quite extraordinary which is reflected in the way she selected the team. She does not lose her control even in the hard situation like in the situation of growing misunderstanding between the team members she took them out and gave them time to de-stress and then think for the solution of the problem. Her leadership quality is acknowledged by Meg Crook the CEO of the company also, therefore, she was given many perks (Harrison, 2017). If referred to weaknesses, then the lack of enthusiasm of the team was the main weakness or drawback in the project. Chris negligence on the happenings of the market and updating on the strategies required for the companys growth affected the development of the project. There was a lack of communication between the Meg and Chris otherwise Meg would have given some guidance for a better strategized project (McClendon, 2013). Chris had so many perks which she should have used to develop a large scale project that would have been in favor of the growth of the company. With her leadership skills, she has a chance to enhance the morale of her team and decide to move in a different direction and develop projects that match the new business strategies of the company. With better communication skills Chris can use the support of other members of the consultation firms and produce a better plan (Robinson-Walker, 2015). The team will get demotivated from the discontinuation of the project as the team has put a lot of efforts on the project development. The team members may lose their confidence on Chris as a leader who will affect her decision that she will take of either of the options she was given. During the project development the team of the firm members of Chris has not kept any communication with other members of the firm and their negligence was reflected in the lack of support, this may continue further as people may become reluctant towards the team members (Sandoff, Nilsson, 2016). After analyzing the factors associated with the organization and leadership process of Chris Peterson, it is clear that the situation is not very favorable for her and her team, but with her leadership skills and the way she handles the situations, there will no problem for her to handle this situation also. Analysis and Action Plan Chris Peterson has been provided with two options, and according to Meg Crook, both options are good for her to opt. It is important to analyze both the options and then decide which option suits Chris Peterson better. The first option is to lead the group to a new direction, that means the same team but a new theme, a new project, and new strategies (Schwarz, 2013). This option is better for Chris as she will pursue her position as the leader of the team which she has gathered will lot of thinking process. Though this team may get demotivated as their team efforts were not acknowledged, under the guidance of Chris they can develop better projects for the consultation firm. The negatives of choosing this option for Chris will be the requirement of success that will have to achieve to prove her skills. She has to start a fresh and totally new project that means starting from the scratch. The team may not be ready to become her teams part (Young, 2016). Another option given to Chris was to change her field of work and become function specialist in IT. The positives of this option are that Chris can explore a new field of work that will enhance her knowledge. She will be able to forget the loss of efforts she faced in the current project. With new people and new field, she may generate better projects for the company (Andrews, 2015). Though it is a good option for Chris to select, there are reasons that may not go well for her. This option means to learn everything from starting, so she will lose her leadership position and become a subordinate. This is not the field she excels in, therefore; the result can be a total wrong position for her to accept. After analyzing both options pros and cons, it is analyzed that the first option of taking a new direction of work for the team is better suited Chris Peterson, and as well as to the company as she is an asset for the company (Bambacas, 2010). Conclusion Meg Crook as a CEO of DSS has the responsibility to retain good employs in the company and select projects that help in the growth of the company. She gave two options to Chris Peterson after she discontinued the project that Chris Peterson was working on so that a hard working employee and her team remain in the firm and they are made aware of the expectation company have from them. Chris, on the other hand, has to prove her skills and talent as a leader to maintain her leadership in the organization. Chris had two options and after analyzing all the factors and pros and cons of the options given to her it is concluded that she should select the option of continuing her leadership and take a new direction for her and her team members. Recommendation She could take a new direction with her team She can use her project experience for better prospects in future Chris should work on her communication skill She could take this as an opportunity to prove her caliber Chris can learn about a new field that will add to her career prospective Company is expanding its working area to larger districts which can give bright future to Chris Chris has some great leadership skills which she can utilize in exploring a better team References Ancona, D., Caldwell, D. (2010). Chris Peterson at DSS Consulating, 1-8. Andrews, C. (2015). Embedded Librarianship. The International Journal Of Educational Organization And Leadership, 22(2), 1-14. Bambacas, M. (2010). Organizational handling of careers influences managers' organizational commitment. Journal Of Management Development, 29(9), 807-827. Erkutlu, H. (2011). The moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 32(6), 532-554. Harrison, R. (2017). Leadership, leadership development and all that jazz. Leadership, 13(1), 81-99. McClendon, L. (2013). The Synergist: How to Lead Your Team to Predictable Successby Les McKeown. Organization Management Journal, 10(3), 209-210. Robinson-Walker, C. (2015). Whos Working Harder?.Nurse Leader, 13(2), 12-20. Sandoff, M., Nilsson, K. (2016). How staff experience teamwork challenges in a new organizational structure. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 22(7/8), 415-427. Schwarz, R. (2013). How Well Does Your Leadership Team Really Work?.Leader To Leader, 2014(71), 54-59. Young, M. (2016). Managing employees. BDJ Team, 3(4), 16066. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdjteam.2016.66

Mies Van Der Rohe an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Mies Van Der Rohe by Expert Hyperwriter | 14 Dec 2016 Clarity, logic and order; these are the main principles that describe Mies van der Rohes style. This was because he believed that these traits were essential in the creation of order in an otherwise desperate confusion (Whitman, 1969). Need essay sample on "Mies Van Der Rohe" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Mies van der Rohe is known for his Less in More approach to architecture that emphasized on the integrity of the structure and the authenticity of the materials. The overall objective was the effective creation and utilization of space. He has been quoted as saying that Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space (Whitman, 1969). During his architectural life, Mies has been credited with the creation of monumental architecture (Great Buildings, 2008). Born in 1886 in Aachen, Germany, Mies van der Rohe rose from humble beginning to go down in history as the father of modern architecture. His father was a master stone mason and until he was 19, he trained with his father. In Berlin, he was privileged to work for Paul Bruno, a furniture designer and architect. From 1908 to 1912, he worked for Peter Behrens (Great Buildings, 2008). It was under the stewardship of Behrens that Mies developed his keen interest in Prussian classicism, Russian constructivism and advanced structure techniques. He also developed his glass and steel design style from Karl F. Schinkels lintel construction. From there on he opened his own practice. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write essay for me? Specialists suggest: Your Academic Success Is Our Goal What probably catapulted him into the limelight was the 1921 Fridrichstrasse skyscraper which he designed for a competition. Albeit it was built, it played the role of a critical in forecasting his future with breathtaking skyscrapers. The 20s was a defining period for him as he was involved with organizations that supported modern art. He was also responsible for the introduction of ribbon windows to the architecture world; a concept hat has since been widely embraced (Whitman, 1969). One of his most famous buildings is the German Pavilion of 1929 that was a mark of his superior creative ability. Its marble and glass walls were could be moved about as they did not support the pavilions wall. The concept of seamless space use was fully explored. This particular piece of work was an expression of skin and bone clarity, something that was synonymous with Mies work (Design Boom, 2008). The economic slump that faced Germany saw a sharp decline in the building rate, and this lead to the relocation of Mies to The United States in 1937 and his reputation had preceded him. This marked the second phase of his career as an architect although he stayed true to his style. The Farnsworth House was said to be the most radically minimalist house ever designed that propagated his flexible and open use of space concept. In 1951 the designed twin Towers in Chicago was completed and this led to the onset of a string of skyscrapers in New York, Detroit among other major US cities. However, it was in 1954 that the skyscraper masterpiece of all time, the Seagram Building, was created (Design Boom, 2008). Undoubtedly, Mies has had considerable influence on the direction of modern architecture. Ever since his presence began being noticed after World War II, Mies has been of a forward trend in gaining popularity. His structures have been known, admired and highly appreciated for their simplicity and uniqueness. His works demonstrated a deep understanding of the importance of keen craftsmanship and attention to detail. Maybe this was a reflection of himself; he was an exquisite but conservative dresser who loved to dine and wine. In essence, Mies style is deliberately, simple, clear and reasonable. He said many at times that his architecture was so that anybody could pull off. His intention was that the building created would be a true statement of its times (Whitman, 2008). For example, he thought that the George Washington Bridge, New York was a bold representation of a structural period. Despite the fact that the building was proportionally grand, its structure was not concealed by ornamentation. His love for simplicity in architecture emphasized on the importance of grasping the fundamentals and that any material could be made into whatever one needed it to be and that the newest of materials were not necessarily the most superior. Mies has been criticized of being arrogant of that fact that the many glasses he uses lead to excessive solar exposure. He has also been accused of making his structures appear machine made, rather than the hand made structures that they really are. Some have dubbed his work as less is a bore. He has also been accused of being indifferent to the cause of the buildings of those surrounding his (Architect, 2008). In my opinion, despite the fact that Mies had not formal academic training as an architect, he was undoubtedly a genius in the design and innovation of imposing 20th century structure, an era that in dominantly technological. Although he did not get formal architectural training, I believe that it was maybe his interest in philosophy that formed the basis of his style. But what is very clear about Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe is that his architectural style is here to stay. WORKS CITED Architect (2008). Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://architect.architecture.sk/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe-architect/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe-architect.php Design Boom (2008). Ludwieg Mies Van der Rohe (1886 1969). Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 Great Buildings (2008). Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://architects.greatbuildings.com/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe.html Whitman A. (1969). Mies van der Rohe Dies at 83; Leader of Modern Architecture. Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0327.html

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Premier vs. Premiere â€Å"Premier† and â€Å"premiere† look very similar written down. They also sound similar when spoken. And to top it all off, they both have to do with being â€Å"first† in some sense. Is it any surprise, then, that people get these words mixed up? Probably not. Yet there is a difference between them, so make sure your written work is error free with our helpful guide. Premier (First in Status) â€Å"Premier† is usually an adjective meaning â€Å"first in status† or â€Å"best†: Usain Bolt was the premier sprinter of his generation. Here, we’re referring to Mr. Bolt’s status as a leading athlete on the track. With that name, he was either going to be a runner or a mechanic.(Photo: Grzegorz Jereczek/flickr) A secondary use is as a noun that refers to the leader of a government: We will remember him as the UK’s worst ever premier. Typically, â€Å"premier† is used for the prime minister of a country. However, in Australia and Canada, it is also used for heads of regional government bodies. Premiere (A Debut or First Performance) â€Å"Premiere† is primarily a noun that refers to the first public performance or appearance of something: We’re having a glitzy premiere with a red carpet for our new play. But the same word can also be used as a verb meaning â€Å"show for the first time.† For example, we could say: We’ll be premiering the movie at the Sundance Festival. There are worse places to premiere something.(Photo: Travis Wise/flickr) In both noun and verb cases, â€Å"premiere† usually applies to a performance or entertainment of some kind. But you can also â€Å"premiere† other things (e.g., when a company reveals a new product for the first time). Premier or Premiere? These words are similar in many ways. However, â€Å"premiere† is only ever used in relation to the first public appearance of something. In any other situation, the correct term will therefore be â€Å"premier.† Remember: Premier (adjective) = First in status or importance Premier (noun) = The leader of a government Premiere (noun) = The first performance or appearance of something Premiere (verb) = The act of showing something in public for the first time

Cheating on the SAT Spreads to the United States

Cheating on the SAT Spreads to the United States SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not again! Allegations of cheating swirl around the latest administration of the SAT on May 2. While recent scandalshave sprung fromAsian countries like China and South Korea, this one is centered on the U.S.-based test, which hundreds of thousands of students took at the beginning of May. It seems that communication technology and time zone differences around the world have punchedholes in the SAT's security. Let's take a look at what's unfolded in this investigation so far. Allegations Around the May 2 SAT Lots of students take the SAT in the spring, many of whom are juniors hoping to hit their target scores in time for college deadlines senior year. This most recent administration on May 2 has allegations of a major security breach. Educational Testing Service (ETS)officials suspectthat students may have had access to the test, or at least to some "live" questions, before test day. This was first reported publicly by a Washington Post writer who received a copy of the May 2 test a day before the official test. The reporter did not report the source, but this release was clearly not approved by the College Board. Thus, an unknown number of students around the country could have had access to this test ahead of time. She was not the only one to report this leak. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing, or FairTest, is committed to ensuring that standardized tests are fair and open. According to its public education director Bob Schaeffer, FairTest was emailed a version of the SAT before it was actually administered to students. Since no one is supposed to see the test before students take it, he and others gathered that this was a major security breach, likely on a global scale. It would be very easy to score a 2300+ score on the SAT with prior access to the test, which would disrupt the rest of the grading scale. SAT test scores are designed to be resistant to fluctuations in tester quality from test to test, but if a single test has an abundance of undetected cheaters, this would disrupt the normal statistics in the exam. Any students whose scores will be withheld should have been notified by this point, but ETS has not yet released any further information about the findings of its investigation. College Board takes security around the SAT very seriously. SAT tests and questions are saved on computers that aren't connected to the internet. They are highly classified and accessible only toETSofficials with clearance for direct access. Test proctors are required to report any suspicious behavior on test day. So given the high security around the SAT, how could live questions have been leaked before test day? The findings aren't known yet. It's possible that a leak happened in the process of shipping tests to test centers, or that an internal staff member at College Board released the test. But there have been clear methods of systematic cheating in the past, primarily in Asia. Global Connections Among Cheating Rings This recent investigation in the U.S. is just one piece of the larger global puzzle. Students scores were actually withheld in Asian countries in October, November, December, and January. In January of this year, all scores were withheld for Chinese students who tested both in China and outside of their country. Because of recent regulations about whichschools can administer the SAT, most Chinese nationals have to travel outside of mainland China, like to Hong Kong or Macao, to take the test. Along similar lines, all scores were canceled in 2013 in South Korea. All of the tutoring centers in Seoul were investigated, and educators were even barred from leaving the country. In 2010, a school in Seoul emailed live SAT questions to two Korean students who lived in Connecticut. When their scores jumped hundreds of points, ETS audited their results and discovered the cheating on the SAT. So what do these cases of cheating in China, South Korea, and other countries have to do with this most recent one in the U.S.? Apparently ETS recycles tests that have already been administered in the U.S. to use internationally, like in China, South Korea, and Australia. Because the U.S. and these other countries are in different time zones, this policy creates a vulnerability that many companies have taken advantage of togain access to live tests and then shareor sellthem to students. According to Valerie Strauss of the Washington Post's "Answer Sheet," this access tothe SAT may be gainedthrough a 5step process. It's a small world after all. The 5 Step "Time Zone" Cheating Process The securityof the SAT has been compromised for a number of reasons, the most important of which aregeographic dispersion, time zone differences of 12 or more hours, recycling of already used tests,and technology that allows people to instantly transmit questions and answers. The following steps illustrate one way thattesting companies seem to be illegally obtaining and selling live questions and answers. People in the U.S. gain access to previously administered SAT tests and share or sell them to overseas "tutoring" and educational companies. These overseas companies keep extensive databases of any and all SAT questions and answers. Because ETS reuses tests in Asia and other countries, manyof these questions are "live" and will show up on future tests. These companies enlist "hired guns" to sit for the SAT. They advertise this on online message boards like QQ, WeChat, and Taobao. When these employees sit for the SAT, often in a time zone hours ahead of China, they share the questions and answers. People have been found with earpieces or taking pictures of their cell phones and sharing the information during breaks between sections. After receiving the questions and answers, the company immediately searches through its database to locate the questions and answers that will be given to students in their time zone soon thereafter. Finally, theyadvertise this information and contact their clients. These companies transmit the information to paying clients, who might put the answers in their cell phones or program them into their calculators. This allseems like an elaborate plan just to get access to the SAT, but the high level of competition and pressure creates a substantial market for this kind of easy information. While in the past most cheating allegations had to do with impersonation, or with one student sitting in for another, now they zero in onmore advanced operations that take advantage of time zone differences and instant communication through online chats and cell phones. Given these breaches that seem to be happening more and more in the past few years, what security measures does ETS have in place to protect the confidentiality of the SATbefore testing day? Security Measures Tightened As mentioned above, the major vulnerability around the SAT used to be one of identity impersonation. On Long Island, New York in 20, for example, high schoolstudents were found guilty of paying college students to sit in for them and take the test in their stead. Since then, ETS has required students to upload photographs along with their IDs. Besides this, ETS has its testing materials on serious lockdown before the test is administered and is very strict about testing guidelines for students and proctors. However, the time zone changesamong countries and policy of recycling already used tests opens up a window for companies and students to get earlyexposure to the questions. So is ETS going to find a way to close this window? When recycling is not the best policy... Will ETS Stop Recycling Old Tests? FairTest's Bob Schaeffer is adamant that ETS should stop reusing tests given in the U.S. in Asia. According to Schaeffer, it's impossible to keep these tests confidential today given our global connectedness and technology. Perhaps because these types of cheating on the SAT scandals are a relatively recent phenomenon, or because the cost of creating brand new tests is high, ETS has not changed this policy yet. Another small step they might take is to train test proctors to be even stricter about confiscating cell phones and any other devices, as well as having students clear the memory on their programmable calculators. It has yet to be seen what new guidelines and rules will be put in place, but the huge scale of score cancellations and allegations of cheating month after month seem to demand some change be put in place. Without addressing these issues, ETS will surely continue to have controversy around how the SAT can beused as a fair evaluation of students' readiness forcollege around the world. As I talked about above, ETS and FairTest have not shared that they know how many students actually had access to the leaked SAT information. As this and other investigations continue, what does it mean for students who have taken or plan to take the SAT in the future? What Do These Security Breaches Mean for Students? Whileallegations of cheatingon the SAT are relatively rare for the majority of students, they do affect a few thousand each year. ETS has about 2,500 tests flagged each year for suspicious scores, and of these, it might withhold about 1,000 of them. Rather than a highlysynced system of espionage with earpieces and massive databases, these cases are usually much more low-key. ETS does an audit if they see a huge score increase, like a 350+ increase in reading and math combined or a 250+ increase overall. If something about your scores from one test to the next seem unbelievable, ETS could delay your scores. In some cases, they might release them later, or they might require you to send letters on your behalf testifying to your preparation between the two tests. This can be a huge holdup and especially stressful if your college deadlines are approaching, and you don't have much time to retake the test. To make sure this doesn't happen to you, I would recommend taking every SAT you take seriously. You can definitely start early and take the SAT several times to raise your scores, but I wouldn't recommend sitting for the SAT without having done at least 10 hours of prep first, at least to get yourself familiar with the format, instructions, and timing of the test. This is especially important for students who speak a language other than English at home. I worked with an English Language Learner student whose scores were canceled after the proctor saw her flipping through her test booklet. The proctor suspected she was returning to sections after time had been called. It turned out she hadn't fully understood the instructions and didn't know this wasn't allowed. Luckily, she had time to take the SAT again, but only after calling all her colleges and asking them to extend deadlines for her SAT score reports! The moral of the story is thatyou always want to do at least some test prep before sitting for the real test, even if just to ensure that you understand the specific instructions for each section. So what does ETS tell your colleges if it cancels your scores? In most cases, ETS does not specify a reason for cancelled scores, but admissions officers can fill in the blanks. You don't want anything to raise a red flag in your application, least of all an investigated and invalidatedSAT score. Unfortunately, that might just be what's going to happen for students who took the SAT on May 2, as it did for students in China and South Korea in recent years. Time will tell about the results of this investigation. In the meantime, remember that prepping, not cheating, is always the best policy when it comes to the SAT - and leave yourself plenty of extra opportunities to retake the test in case you're unlucky enough to find yourself in the midstof a national cheating scandal! What's Next? Are you planning to take the SAT once? Twice? As many times as College Board will allow? Read about how many times you can (and should) plan on taking the SAT to achieve your target scores. Does the thought of sitting down for the SAT make your stomach turn? This article discusses how mindfulness and simple relaxation techniques can help you calm your nerves and focus on the task at hand. You know that preparing is important for the SAT, but exactly how many hours should you study? Read about a solid test prep schedule for the SAT here. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Negative effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(SLS) & Sodium Laureth Essay

Negative effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(SLS) & Sodium Laureth Sulfate(SLES) on the health - Essay Example 1). If these two chemicals are being used in products that most of us use everyday, we can argue that SLS and SLES must and should be safe and should not be detrimental to our health but sadly, this is not the case. SLS and SLES are actually cheap ingredients, which is why they are commonly used in soaps and shampoos but they are probably the most dangerous ingredients in our personal care products (Kramer, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Laureth Sulfate," par. 1). There are lots of studies which have shown that there are indeed possible ill effects that SLS and SLES may bring to us. Sodium lauryl sulfate is being used for clinical testing as a skin irritant wherein the skin of test animals and humans are being irritated with SLS then healing agents are tested to determine the effectiveness of those agents to skin irritated by sodium lauryl sulfate (Kramer, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Laureth Sulfate," par. 2). ... 3) According to a report published in the Journal of The American College of Toxicology in 1983, SLS "concentrations as low as 0.5% could cause irritation and concentrations of 10- 30% caused skin corrosion and severe irritation" (qtd. in "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)," par.4). We should not wait for the time when we experience skin irritation; we can already take an action by throwing out whatever products we have that contain SLS or SLES. In addition to being skin irritants, SLS and SLES are also eye irritants and can even cause eye deformities. Experimental, acute eye tests have revealed that, a solution of 10 percent SLS caused corneal damage to the rabbit's eyes if not irrigated or irritation is delayed and a solution of 5.1 percent caused mild irritation (Steinman, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate," par. 6). We are not rabbits but most of us have already experienced eye irritation when we use personal care products like shampoos. If we really want to protect our eyes, let us avoid SLS and SLES containing products. SLS may also be damaging to the immune system due to its protein denaturing properties (Steinman, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate," par. 5). Furthermore, SLS that has been absorbed by the body from skin application is said to mimic the activity of the hormone estrogen and estrogen levels are said to be associated with health problems like PMS, menopausal symptoms, dropping male fertility, and cancers in women like breast cancer ("Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)," par. 8). In relation to cancer, SLS and SLES are also said to be carcinogenic because they may cause potentially carcinogenic nitrates and dioxins to form in shampoos and cleansers by reacting with commonly used ingredients

A critical commentary on 'The Village Schoolmaster' by O. Goldsmith Essay

A critical commentary on 'The Village Schoolmaster' by O. Goldsmith - Essay Example While poetry, like literature, can be used for a variety of purposes, poetry such as that created by Oliver Goldsmith in his poem â€Å"The Village Schoolmaster† concentrates on illustrating a specific emotion. This is made explicitly apparent when one takes the work within its original context as a portion of a much longer work entitled â€Å"The Deserted Village.† According to an article posted by the University of Buckingham (â€Å"The Village Schoolteacher†, 2007), this longer work painted a picture of what is believed to be an amalgamation of a variety of small villages Goldsmith remembered, presenting a single image of a deserted town left behind as the result of privatization and loss of their lands. This longer work illustrates the importance of the fence mentioned in the first line of â€Å"The Village Schoolmaster† as newly privatized land was ‘enclosed’ in the name of progress: â€Å"what Goldsmith thought was going on is clear fro m what he says elsewhere in the poem: ‘Those fenceless fields the sons of wealth divide’ (307)† (â€Å"The Village Schoolmaster†, 2007). Regardless of whether one is familiar with the longer work from which this poem is taken, Goldsmith’s poem â€Å"The Village Schoolmaster† evokes the same sense of sad nostalgia for something lost forever within itself through Goldsmith’s mastery of imagery, meter, rhyme, lexicon and implied meaning. Goldsmith employs imagery within the very first lines of his poem to help set up the scene he wishes to invoke: â€Å"Beside yon straggling fence that skirts the way / With Blossom’d furze unprofitably gay† (1-2). The fence is further ahead, indicating a division between the land upon which the speaker is standing and the land upon which the deserted village still stands. That it is deserted is indicated by the overwhelming blossoming furze which is unprofitable because no one is left to enjoy it. However, it continues to

Leadership Within the 12 Angry Men Essay Example for Free

Leadership Within the 12 Angry Men Essay Throughout the film, there is seemingly more than one â€Å"leader† throughout the jury as according to Nick’s definition of a leader being that there were multiple influences and instances that persuaded the decisions of others. Initially the situation is composed of a biased and opinionated jury that is almost unanimously convinced the defendant is guilty. Throughout the scene, there is a slow but sure change of mind throughout the jury as the protagonist, Juror #8, successfully persuades the other jurors who initially voted the boy guilty of murder to further investigate and examine the fact which eventually leads to the confirmation and agreement of reasonable doubt among the jury. Juror 8’s effective followership was best represented by his consistent approach and solution to the conflict that initially had nobody even listening. Juror 8 knew what he was standing up for, proper justice, even in the face of adversity as he was challenged by everyone in the room and his willingness and courage to assume the responsibility and challenge the assumed (198). He is also seen as a leader of the group through the honesty and integrity he displayed by â€Å"acting in accordance with solid moral principles† (41) as well as a drive to reach an honest verdict by convincing the group to look at all the possibilities despite the obvious and assumed. Juror 3 would best be classified as an alienated follower as his prejudice against the defendant clouds his judgment, placing a bias on why he thinks the boy is guilty. As it turns out, his own son that he hasn’t seen for 2 years had grown up challenging his authority and rejecting his morals providing the basis for the anger that is displayed so stubbornly until the very bitter end. As alienated followers â€Å"are capable, they focus exclusively on the shortcomings and have experienced setbacks and obstacles† (195) as did Juror 3 when initially, he had convincingly and mindlessly persuaded the others of the defendant’s guiltiness as a result of the anger he felt from the bitter relationship he had with his son. Juror 10 could most definitely be classified as conformist follower as his stubborn belief in the defendant’s guiltiness was supported by a mindless and intolerant argument supported by his racist, bigoted comments. Initially Juror 10 willingly participated in the heated yet convinced discussion as there was little doubt about the defendant’s guilt and conflict was at a minimum. As the tables turned and tension rose, Juror 10 found himself â€Å"concerned with avoiding conflict† (195) and became less of a contributor to the conversation. As with Juror 8, in any situation in which there is an uncertainty or doubt present, especially regarding a decision with such major implications such as the one presented to the â€Å"Twelve Angry Men†, I find it highly necessary to further investigate and take all things into consideration before coming to a decision. The suspicion of shady, questionable behavior of the CEO is to be examined and reviewed in the same manner that Juror 8 went about questioning the assumed â€Å"facts† and looked at all the possibilities.

A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas

Comparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid      Ã‚   These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be "a speaker of words and one who is accomplished in action", according to the horseman Phoinix (Iliad.9.413). A leader must have these primary qualities then, as he must lead by example, but to create the ideal we must add to this. The leader should rely on no others but in turn listen to sound counsel. He should be fair in his justice, in control of his situation and surroundings, keep his men abreast of the plan of action and reasoning behind it, remain calm under pressure and have compassion and understanding for his people. Thus his primary concerns should be the welfare of his people, their security and maint aining peace at all costs. His men, a good indicator of his leadership to us, should therefore give him loyalty, trust, and obedience, if the leader has led them suitably. The performance of the men is also important, and what they achieve under his direction is representative of his strength of leadership, though this must be compared with how they act without his presence. These measures can be seen as the important assets of a competent leader, though extenuating and uncontrollable circumstances must be taken into account, as we make a sound judgement of our two heroes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aeneas and Odysseus themselves are different, both in character and in their q... ...rvival. However, Aeneas becomes the Virgilian leader, his concern is always for the people and they are the most important thing to him. The reason that the endings of the books are so dissimilar and the Aenied is far less satisfying than the Odyssey is a result of this point. Odysseus' accomplished aim can be viewed within his lifetime, and listened to within a short time. His short-term goal of going to bed with Penelope, and sorting out the situation in his country is all seen within the borders of the story. Aeneas' ending merely means that his journey is at an end but the rest of the story lies with his people. The emphasis is on the people he is leading and not what he individually has accomplished.    Works Cited: Homer. Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. NY: Penguin Books, 1990. Virgil, Aeneid. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. New York: Bantam, 1991.    A Comparison of Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas Comparing the Leadership Abilities of Odysseus in Odyssey and Aeneas in Aeneid      Ã‚   These two heroes have embarked from the same destination but on very different journeys. Whilst they are both Iliadic heroes at the start of their stories, they develop and adapt their manner towards the characteristics required of them to succeed. Before we judge them, it is necessary to determine our definition of a successful leader. A hero from the Iliad must be "a speaker of words and one who is accomplished in action", according to the horseman Phoinix (Iliad.9.413). A leader must have these primary qualities then, as he must lead by example, but to create the ideal we must add to this. The leader should rely on no others but in turn listen to sound counsel. He should be fair in his justice, in control of his situation and surroundings, keep his men abreast of the plan of action and reasoning behind it, remain calm under pressure and have compassion and understanding for his people. Thus his primary concerns should be the welfare of his people, their security and maint aining peace at all costs. His men, a good indicator of his leadership to us, should therefore give him loyalty, trust, and obedience, if the leader has led them suitably. The performance of the men is also important, and what they achieve under his direction is representative of his strength of leadership, though this must be compared with how they act without his presence. These measures can be seen as the important assets of a competent leader, though extenuating and uncontrollable circumstances must be taken into account, as we make a sound judgement of our two heroes.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aeneas and Odysseus themselves are different, both in character and in their q... ...rvival. However, Aeneas becomes the Virgilian leader, his concern is always for the people and they are the most important thing to him. The reason that the endings of the books are so dissimilar and the Aenied is far less satisfying than the Odyssey is a result of this point. Odysseus' accomplished aim can be viewed within his lifetime, and listened to within a short time. His short-term goal of going to bed with Penelope, and sorting out the situation in his country is all seen within the borders of the story. Aeneas' ending merely means that his journey is at an end but the rest of the story lies with his people. The emphasis is on the people he is leading and not what he individually has accomplished.    Works Cited: Homer. Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fagles. NY: Penguin Books, 1990. Virgil, Aeneid. Trans. Allen Mandelbaum. New York: Bantam, 1991.   

Ethical dilemmas Essay

Any field of study has its dilemmas and nursing is no exception. The dilemmas in question tend to take a higher dimension and involve the nurse educators as well. Their dilemmas range from ethical or legal to moral. Some of these dilemmas involve trying to meet the needs of the community around you. Trying to address environmental issues is another dilemma. Dealing with challenges form your students is also another dilemma, and many more (Foot, 2002,). A close tool at the whole topic shows that the educator in question may be faced with the dilemma of not having enough content for his students. This may make him feel threatened and frustrated, because he may end up teaching the wrong thing to the students who may end up endangering the lives of the patients, they will be handling, after college (Foot, 2002). If contents is not enough the educator may feel threatened by producing half-baked students. This should be well considered and ensure it does not happen. However it is normally common especially when the educator is still fresh with his work (Foot, 2002). The educator in question may also be faced with the dilemma of early preparations. This normally happens when he does not know how to prepare or when to prepare. In the process students end up not getting enough information form their educator (Scott, 1998). On the side of the communities needs is another problem, especially if the educator does not know them. Since the educator is someone with his or her professional then it is very obvious and possible not to understand the needs of the community better. This normally leads to a lot of misunderstanding and frustrations (Cohen, 2003). The dilemmas in question also tend to be challenges, especially form students. This is true, especially when the students come for advice. The nurse educator will normally not know what to tell his students when he himself has no enough knowledge of their needs. It is a serious issue as some students ignore the departments of guiding and counselling and prefer to seek the advice of their educators. Unless the higher authorities know better how to address this issue there will always be a problem (Cohen, 1998). Other challenges that face the most nurse educators are class preparations, how to keep in touch with the current affairs, cases of students lying or cheating in exams, dealing with death cases, and also wanting to be a role model (Rodin, Collins, 1991). As for class preparations, this is true when the nurse educator tries to prepare enough or adequately for the classes. It is more serious if the educator is involved with students who normally ask very hard questions. This can always make the educator feel inadequate, and that does not know how to prepare for classes better, it normally becomes another problem (Denhardt, 1988). Keeping in touch with the current affairs is important and enjoyable when the nurse educator tries to keep in touch with the current affairs; there is always the problem of maintaining himself in his profession. This is a very big dilemma; unless the higher authorities address it properly then it is still a major problem for the nurse educator (Cohen, 2003). Another problem is that of trying to be a role model to his students. This is also a big dilemma since it involves knowing at first hand how to go about it. The educator should be provided with enough information about it. This is to say they should be taught early enough in colleges or universities (Scott, 1998). The higher authorities must change their attitude from the non- supportive one to a more positive and responsive one. The ethical dilemma faced by the nurse educators are worrying especially this one of catching a student cheating in the examination. This should always be handled very sensitively. Unless the higher authorities understand the educator’s needs then misunderstandings will always come in even in such a case (Denhardt, 1988). The governments should think hard on how to address these dilemmas. They are serious ones, and should not be allowed to happen in any way. Once they are properly handled this will promote and give morale to the educators in question and also improve the stands of living of people (Rodin, Collins, 1991).

Internet Business and Electronic Commerce Essay

Answer – 1 The two industries chosen for the analysis on the layout, format, and contents of their websites are Online Shopping and Online Marketing Assistance websites. Starting from the first industry – Online Shopping – it includes several organizations that started the business of selling a wide range of products and services ‘online’. The organizations chosen for this paper include LastMinite.com that sells flight tickets,, holiday tickets, hotel booking, car hiring, theatres, restaurants’ and many other stuff online. This organization is usually service-focused than product-focused. Aol Shopping is another organization that sells a wide range of products ranging from apparel, electronics, to industrial products. Yahoo Shopping has almost the same category that sells electronic items, flowers, gifts, jewelry, apparel, etc. And finally, Amazon is another popular website for online shopping where a wide range of products can be purchased instantly. The second industry is related to providing online marketing help in terms of giving trainings, newsletters, reports, and expert advices. Under this industry the following organizations were chosen, Clickz, which provides marketing news, expert advice, training, iReviews, etc. The Register is another organization that provides assistance to its clients by offering them hardware, software, music, networking stuff, reviews, newsletters, and other internet and business related assistance. DaveChaffey is a personal website that provides books, consultancy, training, lectures, and reports related to marketing and e-commerce. And finally, Jakob Nielsen’s site is almost the same as DaveChafeey that offers reports, e-newsletters, films, books, consultancy services, and articles from various news, magazines, and journals sources. Answers – 2 Now let’s analyze the overall layout, design, contents, options, and facilities available in the websites of these organizations. Starting from the online shopping ones, they have a professional and eye-catching outlook where the layout is designed quite properly, providing several categories on one side – either left or top – and also using colors that entice the viewers to explore more. Secondly, the use of pictures or animations is making these websites look more attractive and communicative, since images let people remember the stuff longer. Moreover, there are certain hyperlinks such as, careers, login, about us, contact us, etc. that depicts a better and reliable image over the viewers or customers. Also, convenience is being provided to the customers by giving them an option of search, with which they would find what they want. Whatever product or service is new, popular, or trendy, is shown right on the top middle of the website where first look goes. In short, website layout and management is at its best that gives a professional look and provides ease to the visitors. On the flipside, the online marketing consultancy or assistance websites are not that catchy. Although Clickz and The Register look better and have a professional look since they the categories are clearly defined and placed systemically; nevertheless, the use of colors and pictures is not commendable. Text written is too much that does not motivate the reader to explore more of the website; even worse scene is in DaveChaffey and Useit.com websites where there is not even one picture. Moreover, the colors used are not soothing, layout is cluttered, poor arrangement of options, and text is everywhere that leads a bad impression of the website over visitors who do not feel like exploring more. The use of better colors, category alignment, using pictures, and showing advertisements on right hand columns would add credibility and attractiveness to the websites. Answer – 3 Electronic commerce is basically an output of phenomenon what we call globalization, where the lifestyles, methods of conducting business, and other activities such as, traveling have gone much easier than before. As a result, many entrepreneurs are starting up their businesses online, along with those businesses that are transforming from the traditional business setting to online one. Electronic selling differs a lot from the traditional department store selling due to several reasons. First, electronic selling uses technology where the customers purchase products by just clicking their mouse. There is no physical location in e-selling like in traditional departmental form where customers have to go to buy. E-selling has certain advantages over traditional method of selling such as, cost savings for the business for not having a physical location, setting products there, maintaining them, electricity, and other costs. Customers also benefit from e-selling where they do buy instantl y sitting back at home, without wasting their time and fuel expenses; in short, they are getting convenience at its best. Considering the ambience that is provided by many departmental stores such as, food chains, restaurants, or garments by using effective use of lighting, displays, music, and fragrance, it does create a favorable impact over the customers for the sellers. Another strategy used is of ‘placement’ of products in such a way that encourages impulse buying; whereas, when talking about the presence of these effects in electronic selling, it can be created but not to a greater extent. Sellers can design their websites in such a way that it displays colors associated with the brand, logo of the company, and playing pleasant music in the background. Moreover, placing the pictures and ads of the products in such a way as they were being placed in the department store and tagging enticing deals/offers, encouraging impulse buying. Answer – 4 Businesses these days are selling almost all kind of products and services that come under wide range of categories; some are bought more some are not. Of course there are some reasons behind that since some products or services are more conducive to sell online as compared to other. It has been observed that the services such as, airline tickets, hotel booking, vacation trips and stay, car hiring, spa booking, theatres tickets, and food delivery from restaurants are more conducive to be sold online. It does not mean that the products are not sold quickly; in fact, they are but not ‘all’. For example, products such as electronic items, books, music items, households, and sports stuff are easily sold on the internet where customers do not hesitate to buy them. Whereas, products such as jewelry, shoes, apparel, and pets are not sold quickly and in large quantity; reason being that customers feel the need to try these products and analyze them whether they suit them or not. Moreover, customers hesitate a little bit when purchasing expensive products online due to security and safety issues, where spamming websites might collect their useful information such as, credit card numbers and use them at their fullest. E-tailers are reducing such risks by designing websites that do not allow such spams, pop-ups, having copyrights, trademarks, and ensuring built-in firewall system to prevent any unwanted happenings. Answer – 5 Although physical departmental stores do keep in touch with the customers face-to-face and listen to any feedback or complaint that they might have; however, internet can also provide such customer contact, build relationships with them, and boost them to benefit both the parties – business and the customer. Companies can, via internet, can boost the levels of customer service by devising and implementing certain strategies including keeping records of their customers, making them calls after a certain period of time to provide any information about new deals/offers, listening to their complaints, and asking for their suggestions to improve the thing they think needs the same. Moreover, websites must have a separate category for feedback or complaints where the customers can post their feedback either positive or negative. Another innovative strategy is provide them with the option to comment on certain deals and offers for the products or services being offered, which would instantly give a fair idea about the attitudes of customers towards those offers or deals. Many organizations have added sections for online surveys or research that request the customers to spare a few minutes and answer certain questions. Customers actually like giving their remarks or suggestions because they think they are being given importance by the businesses that might prefer to keep their customers satisfied at every cost. Answer – 6 The methods of conducting business have really changed as the impact of globalization has causes several flexibilities and easiness in our lifestyles and daily life. Many businesses find it costly to open it in a physical location and expanding through outlets, which often does not target large audience. Therefore, many businesses are starting through internet where they can target customers from all over the world, market their products or services easily and economically, and get payments right away. Not only this, those businesses that do not operate virtually and have physical locations are finding it more effective and financially beneficial to market their products through internet, and that what is called Internet Marketing. Internet marketing also contains the elements of Direct Marketing, where the promotion of products is done online such as, websites (ResearchStarters, 2008). It does not mean that when businesses are started online they would always save costs and be successful; in fact, many businesses fail due to several factors and one significant of them is poor marketing strategies. Of course, the consumers would not have any idea that a new business has started that for instance, sells soccer jerseys, through its website. The target market should have to be made aware of that business, the products, new offers/deals, customer value, feedback, etc. Therefore, all this requires the business to use effective marketing tools and strategies where it can convey the message to the audience, impress them, convince them to purchase, and provide feedback. Businesses can use online marketing strategies such as, designing websites that grab the attention of the customers at first sight, force them to explore, make them realize that they are everything for the company, provide them with ease in shopping online, and let them give a chance to give a feedback. Moreover, businesses can also use the strategy of mass-emailing to the customers or potential customers whether they are individuals or other entities. Placing ads on popular and most-visited websites is another strategy but is quite expensive. And finally, the use of social networking websites such as, Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace, is lucrative since it is inexpensive and targets wide range of audience. Conclusion E-tailing is the result of e-commerce that has made it much easier for the businesses to market and sell their products online by using certain softwares and websites. Extensive information is provided to the customers through websites about the products and services they want to purchase; moreover, the customers can shop with utmost convenience without going somewhere and wasting their time. Talking about the two industries – online shopping and online marketing assistance – the role of e-commerce is sound, since the services provided by these industries are loved to be taken by the customers while staying at their places and clicking mouse buttons, without wasting any time or fuel. Further improvement can be made in attracting more online customers by improving websites, adding new features, and becoming more customer-centric.

Military Tuition Assistance essayEssay Writing Service

Military Tuition Assistance essayEssay Writing Service Military Tuition Assistance essay Military Tuition Assistance essayThe Military Tuition Assistance is a well-known public policy that ensures certain government benefits to military service members of all branches of the Armed Forces. This public policy has been developed to provide support to military service members with the cost of military tuition. Military Tuition Assistance is considered to be the service that has direct relation to paying for college courses and that has always been highly valued by American users. However, today it raises certain problems that affect future life of the participants. First of all, the benefits provided by Military Tuition Assistance are too difficult to obtain. Second, these benefits are not substantial enough to retain soldiers, marines and other military men. Much has already been done to address the above mentioned problems. The resolution is to shift the policy to better screening students who are applying for the Military Tuition Assistance courses (Mehay Pema, 2010). Th e environment that surrounds the issues of Military Tuition Assistance is favorable to finding the proper resolutions to the identified problems, although there are still some problems that challenge the resolution to the issues of Military Tuition Assistance.The major goal of this paper is to discuss the environment that surrounds the issues of Military Tuition Assistance. The major problems and assets that either support or challenge the resolution to the identified problems will be identified.The major problems that challenge the resolution  to the identified issues of Military Tuition Assistance  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The major problems that challenge the resolution to the identified issues of Military Tuition Assistance include the lack of effective governmental support in the selection of the Armed Forces personnel, including soldiers, marines, guardsman and airmen. There are several effective programs that have been developed to support the major educat ion goals, including up to â€Å"100% Tuition Assistance for college courses taken during off-duty hours† (Military Tuition Assistance, 2014). However, these programs are not suitable for all the Armed Forces personnel.As practically each military service is focused on its own criteria for eligibility in the process of students’ screening for the Military Tuition Assistance courses, the application process has certain restrictions. For example, for the Air Force Service, active duty and reserves are eligible members; for Marines, they are active duty only, while for Navy Service, the eligible members are active duty and naval reserves in AD status (Military Tuition Assistance, 2014). Government does not guarantee success in the application process to all applicants because of the criteria for eligibility.Besides, Military Tuition Assistance, as a public policy developed to enhance education of military personnel, fails to place emphasis on income inequality. According to B. Guy Peters (2012), any public policy can be influenced not only by the persistent unemployment, but also by the growing income inequality in human society.The major assets that support the resolutionto the identified issues of Military Tuition AssistanceThere are certain assets that support the resolution to the identified issues of the Military Tuition Assistance policy. One of the major assets is the ability to improve the lives of young people through Military Tuition courses, promoting their careers in the Armed Forces. It has also been found that more successful students enrolled in the Military Tuition courses are more mature, goal- and career oriented (Mehay Pema, 2010). The resolution aimed at shifting the public policy to better screening students who are applying for the Military Tuition Assistance courses can be supported by the idea that â€Å"military service for some people is what saves them from the chaotic existence of an undirected life† (Viola, 2008, p. 12).As a matter of fact, the military services provide young people with everything that is necessary for personality and personal growth, including motivation, effective reward strategies, the proper values and ethical principles, and even leadership skills. Moreover, â€Å"military forces throughout history have espoused great principles in common: unity, discipline, courage, dedication, and vigilance in service to country† (Viola, 2008, p. 12).Besides, the Military Tuition Assistance is a benefit that should not be repaid unless a person fails to complete the course. Another asset that supports the resolution to the identified issue of Military Tuition Assistance is education benefit. Those applicants who are more experienced and who have the proper personal characteristics will be able to achieve greater academic success than poorly prepared students (Mehay Pema, 2010). Shifting the policy to better screening students who are applying for the Military Tuition Assista nce courses guarantees better results in various academic fields of study.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that the environment that surrounds the issues of Military Tuition Assistance is favorable to implementation of the resolution to the identified problem, although there are still some challenges to the resolution concerning the issues of Military Tuition Assistance policy. In other words, there are some problems that challenge the resolution to the identified problem, but there are also the assets that support the resolution (e.g. the ability to improve the lives of young people, education assets, the assets caused by personality and personal growth, etc.). Generally speaking, shifting the policy to better screening students who are applying for the Military Tuition Assistance courses provides more assets than problems.

MOVE Philadelphia Bombing History and Fallout

MOVE Philadelphia Bombing History and Fallout On Monday, May 13, 1985, a Pennsylvania State Police helicopter dropped two bombs on a Philadelphia house where members of the MOVE black liberation organization lived. The resulting fire grew out of control, resulting in the deaths of 11 people, including five children, and the destruction of 65 area homes. An independent investigation  of the event heaped criticism on the city’s administration and at least for a time earned Philadelphia an unwanted reputation as â€Å"the city that bombed itself.†Ã‚   Fast Facts: MOVE Bombing Description:  Philadelphia police bomb the home of the MOVE black liberation organization, killing 11 and destroying dozens of homes.Date:  May 13, 1985Location:  Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaKey Participants: John Africa (Vincent Leaphart), James J. Ramp, Wilson Goode, Gregore Sambor, Ramona Africa About MOVE and John Africa MOVE  is a Philadelphia-based black liberation group founded in 1972 by  John Africa, the assumed name of Vincent Leaphart. Not an acronym, the group’s name, MOVE, was chosen by John Africa to reflect the group’s true intentions. Living in a communal arrangement and often associated with the  Black Power  movement,  MOVE mixes the beliefs of  black nationalism,  Pan-Africanism, and  anarcho-primitivism  in advocating for the return to a  hunter-gatherer society  devoid of modern technology and medicine. Originally called the Christian Movement for Life, MOVE, as it did in 1972, identifies itself as being deeply religious and devoted to a belief in the independence and ethical treatment of all living creatures. â€Å"Everything thats alive moves. If it didnt, it would be stagnant, dead,† states MOVE’s founding charter, â€Å"The Guidelines,† created by John Africa. Like many of his contemporaries, the charismatic John Africa wore his hair in dreadlocks in keeping with the Caribbean  Rastafari  religion. In a show of loyalty to what they considered their true home, his followers also chose to change their last names to â€Å"Africa.† In 1978, most of MOVE’s members had moved into a row house in the predominately African-American Powelton Village area of West Philadelphia. It was here that the group’s numerous loud public demonstrations for racial justice and animal rights angered their neighbors and ultimately led to violent confrontations with Philadelphia police. The 1978 Shootout and the Move 9 In 1977, complaints from neighbors about MOVE’s lifestyle and bullhorn-amplified protests had led the police to obtain a court order requiring the group to vacate their Powelton Village compound. When informed of the order, MOVE members agreed to turn in their firearms and leave peacefully if their members arrested during the demonstrations were first released from jail. While the police complied with the demand, MOVE refused to vacate their house or give up their weapons. Nearly a year later, the standoff took a violent turn. On August 8, 1978, when police arrived at the MOVE compound to execute the court order, a shootout erupted during which Philadelphia Police Officer James J. Ramp was fatally shot in the back of his neck. MOVE denied responsibility for Officer Ramp’s death, claiming that although he was shot in the back of the neck he had been facing their house at the time. During the nearly hour-long standoff, five firefighters, seven police officers, three MOVE members, and three bystanders were also injured. Since known as the MOVE Nine, MOVE members Merle, Phil, Chuck, Michael, Debbie, Janet, Janine, Delbert, and Eddie Africa were convicted of third-degree murder in the death of Officer Ramp. Sentenced to up to 100 years in jail, they were all denied  parole  in 2008. MOVE Recovers and Relocates By 1981, MOVE had recovered from the 1978 shootout and relocated its growing membership into a house at 6221 Osage Avenue in Cobbs Creek, a predominantly African American middle-class subdivision in West Philadelphia. After turning the home into a virtually bulletproof fortress, MOVE began blasting profanity-laced messages and demands through bullhorns 24 hours a day. The group further disrupted the neighborhood by keeping a menagerie of animals- from dogs and cats to wild rats- around the house, leading to complaints about sanitation and health risks. Neighbors complained to police that they had been verbally and physically assaulted by MOVE members, and police reported that children living in the house were not allowed to attend school. The 1985 Bombing On May 13, 1985, Philadelphia Mayor Wilson Goode dispatched police to execute warrants for the arrest of all residents of the MOVE compound. Philadelphia Mayor W. Wilson Goode at a press conference to discuss the aftermath of the bomb. Getty Images/Leif Skoogfors When the police arrived, MOVE members refused to respond to their demands to enter the home or to allow the children to come outside. Despite the presence of children, Mayor Goode and Police Commissioner Gregore Sambor decided the situation warranted the use of â€Å"military-grade weapons† and extreme physical force as required. â€Å"Attention MOVE: This is America!† police warned over loudspeakers. After initial attacks with water barrages from fire hoses and tear gas explosions failed to drive MOVE members from the house, shooting broke out. At the height of the firefight, a Pennsylvania State Police helicopter flew over the house dropping two small â€Å"entry device† bombs made of FBI-supplied water gel explosive in an attempt to destroy MOVE’s rooftop bunker. Fed by gasoline stored in the house, a small fire caused by the bombs grew quickly. Rather than risk having firefighters caught in the ongoing crossfire, police officials decided to allow the fire to burn out. Instead of going out harmlessly, the fire spread throughout the neighborhood, destroying more than sixty homes and leaving at least 250 Philadelphians homeless. Along with the destruction of a residential neighborhood, the MOVE bombing resulted in the deaths of six adults- including MOVE founder John Africa- and five children inside the home. Ramona Africa and  13-year-old Birdie Africa  were the only two MOVE members to survive the incident.   Select Commission Finds City at Fault With most of the attack covered on live television, many people in Philadelphia and across the nation questioned the decisions made by Mayor Goode and police officials. On March 6, 1986, an independent  Philadelphia Special Investigation Commission  appointed by Goode issued a report finding that police had used â€Å"grossly negligent† tactics in committing an â€Å"unconscionable† act by â€Å"dropping a bomb on an occupied row house.† The report was highlighted by two telling findings: â€Å"The city administration discounted negotiation as a method of resolving the problem. Any attempted negotiations were haphazard and uncoordinated.† â€Å"The Mayors failure to call a halt to the operation on May 12, when he knew that children were in the house, was grossly negligent and clearly risked the lives of those children.† The commission further found that the police would have been unlikely to use similar tactics in a white neighborhood. Despite the commission’s request for a grand jury investigation, no prosecutions resulted and Mayor Goode was reelected in 1987. The Aftermath of the Bombing Ramona Africa, the only adult MOVE member to survive the bombing, was convicted of rioting and conspiracy and served seven years in prison. In 1996, a federal jury awarded Ramona Africa and the relatives of two people killed in the bombing a total of $1.5 million in damages in a civil suit judgment. The jury also found that Philadelphia officials had authorized the use of excessive force and had violated MOVE members’  4th Amendment  constitutional protections against unreasonable search and seizure. Ramona Africa (R), the lone adult survivor of the 1985 MOVE tragedy, hugs Denise Garner (L) during a commemorative march in 2005. Getty Images/William Thomas Cain The New York Times reported that the City of Philadelphia also paid over $27.3 million in legal fees and the cost of rebuilding the houses destroyed in the bombing. In addition, the MOVE group itself was paid $2.5 million to settle wrongful death suits brought on behalf of the five children who died. In 2016, Ramona Africa, who continues to serve as spokesperson for MOVE, tied the group to the  Black Lives Matter movement, asserting that cases of brutality in the police killings of black men throughout the U.S. are â€Å"happening today because it wasn’t stopped in ’85.† Sources â€Å"Who was John Africa?† The Philadelphia Inquirer. May 8, 2010â€Å"About MOVE – On a Move.† onamove.com.â€Å"Report of Philadelphia Special Investigation Commission.† University Libraries. Temple UniversityTrippett, Frank (1985-05-27). It Looks Just Like a War Zone. TIME MagazinePhiladelphia, city officials ordered to pay $1.5 million in MOVE case.† June 24, 1996. CNN.comâ€Å"Philadelphia Bombing Survivor Leaves Prison.† Archives. The New York Times

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example Scientists and researchers have continually been trying to develop ways in order for society to have healthier lives. The use of stem cells may be one of the best answers yet. â€Å"Stem cells hold a lot of promise to cure many nasty diseases.†(Cline) There should be no debate on its application. Indeed, there is an ethical issue to be resolved. Nevertheless, if the stem cells were to be used to further life, I think the ethical issue surrounding this side of stem cell research should easily be resolved. If not, then other scientific approaches to furthering life that are being practiced now such as organ transplant should be paused as well until a decision is made on stem cell research. When a person is in a coma, doctors and family depend on brain activity to determine progress. This goes to show how important the brain is for a person to function well. As such, cures for neurological diseases should be of utmost concern. If stem cell research appears to be the answer, why not

Mercedes-Benz Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mercedes-Benz - Case Study Example The opportunities and threats section will be generated from Mercedes-Benz's PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) analysis (Strickland & Thomson 2004). Mercedes-Benz has become synonymous with luxury cars. In a global scale, the name enjoys strong brand equity among consumers (Daimler Chrysler 2008). Mercedes-Benz is known to be the best symbol of luxury in automobiles. Armed with the heritage of pioneering innovation, Mercedes-Benz continues its quest of bringing the best products in the market through the use of advanced technology including its Smart cars portfolio. The company's primary objective is to "set new standards in the global automotive industry" (Daimler Chrysler 2008) which they accomplish by embarking on intensive research aimed at identifying and responding to anticipated customer needs and demand. Mercedes-Benz is passionate in shaping the "future of mobility" (Daimler Chrysler 2008) through the introduction of more efficient cars. Mercedes-Benz makes use of Advanced Design Studios in order to develop cutting edge designs (Daimler Chrysler 2008). Technology which produces inputs quickly and at high precision is also being utilized in car design and manufacture. Another is becoming a more s... of the company to become a socially responsible entity is integrated in its effort in creating modern cars which are less damaging to the environment. Mercedes Benz boasts of being the first automaker to run the most tests on fuel cells in its commitment of having zero emission mobility (Daimler Chrysler 2008). Other efforts are aimed at offering the best working environment for all its employees and environment friendly automobiles (Daimler Chrysler 2008). Weaknesses: Secondary in the Mercedes-Benz's set of objectives are maintaining investor relations through profitability. However, the division has been having recent financial blows which can be attributed to the deterioration of its image in the world market (Landler 2005). During 2005, investors have been weary of the company's financial performance as Mercedes Benz reports only 2 million during the last quarter compared to the 784 million it recorded in the same fiscal period (Landler 2005). The declining performance of the stock of its parent company in the market is another indication of its deteriorating financial performance (Figure 1). Figure 1. Stock Price of Mercedes-Benz's Parent Company Daimler Chrysler (August 2007 to July 2008) The weak financial performance of Mercedes-Benz in the market can also be an indication of having not enough funds to allocate to the company's endeavor. Failure to become profitable will further push stock price down. As stated in the previous section, Mercedes-Benz has been recognized as a symbol for luxury. Ironically, one of its pressing problems is in the aspect of product quality. During the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has been noted that the quality of Mercedes-Benz's passenger cars has been in question as indicated by the result of objective measures (Edmondson

Legal homework 3B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal homework 3B - Essay Example Two is the principle of beneficence. This principle aims to engage in numerous beneficial activities as possible. Beneficence holds that health experts should attempt to benefit the sick. Therefore, in this case, it is presumed that the duty of the nurse is prevent any situation which may pose a threat to Judy, for example, not leaving the bathroom door open. Third is the principle of non-maleficence which entails preventing or minimizing harm (Armstrong, 2007). The hospital takes the precaution of checking on Judy after every fifteen minutes. This is aimed at preventing or minimizing harm to Judy. The nurse was not negligent for unlocking the bathroom door and allowing Judy to shower by herself. This is because she established in her expert view it was fitting to unlock the bathroom door so that Judy could take a shower. In a 1996 case involving Busta and the Columbus Hospital Corporation, The Montana Supreme Court upheld the decision and order given by the District Court of the Eig hth Judicial District. The court jury established that the negligence of the Columbus Hospital and that of the patient led to the injuries and consequent death of the patient. In this case the nurse was deemed not negligent in the events leading to the death of the patient. ... It was not below the standard of care that the nurse left the bathroom door unlocked when the psychiatrist came to see Judy. The nurse did not see the psychiatrist vacating Judy’s room. In addition, the psychiatrist did not inform the nurse when leaving the room and had left Judy alone. Therefore, there is no way the nurse could go to check on the patient. Also, the nurse observed the standard of care by checking on the patient after fifteen minutes (Armstrong, 2007). There is a greater duty to this patient from an ethical point of view. This is because nurses have a responsibility of making sure that patients capable of suicidal actions are properly dealt with. In addition, nurses have the duty of effectively monitoring and assessing patients and conveying these examinations to all individuals involved in the health care delivery team. Nurses also have a duty of telling the truth (Armstrong, 2007). Patients in danger deserve frankness as to their exposure and manner of interv ention. Health experts with significant opinions regarding suicide should refer the patient elsewhere or reveal them. There are several ethical principles which should be taken into account when caring for such a patient. One is the danger to self. Danger to self may incorporate failure to attend to basic requirements, for example, showering, or suicidal attempts or ideation. In numerous fields, information of intention to engage in suicidal activities needs a health care practitioner to act instantly to stop the suicide. Two is consent and involuntary treatment. The health expert should make a decision on whether to hold the patient against his desire (Armstrong, 2007). Holding a patient against his desire may be indispensable

Vacation Industry Case Study Of Cyprus Tourism Essay

Vacation Industry Case Study Of Cyprus Tourism Essay Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea in the south of Turkey. Cyprus has a warm and dry with little rainfall climate which is a typical Mediterranean climate and this climate makes Cyprus very popular as tourist destination. The official languages of Cyprus are Turkish and Greek, while English is widely spoken by both sides. You can get to Cyprus by boat or plane. Charter flights are frequent scheduled from England and other European countries to Cyprus. Cyprus provides a wide range of accommodation in all areas of the island. Its accommodation covers all types of guests and all budgets ranging from luxury hotels, holiday villages, apartments to rent and camping. If somebody wants to explore the island, a car hire is needed. Cyprus has many things to offer to tourists, while Cyprus is known for its sandy beaches with the amazing water sports, rugged mountains, impressive ancient structures, churches and museums which make it a perfect holiday destination. There are also various recreation and sports activities available such as diving, golfing and carting. In Cyprus you can experience in bird watching, turtle watching and hiking and for those people who love the lucky games there are many casinos in the island. The travel adventurers can discover all over the island attractive beaches, ancient ruins, mountain peaks and vineyards that has olive trees all over. In Paphos you can go to Roman Mosaics, the Tombs of the Kings, the Byzantine Museum and Kato Paphos Archeological Park. Nicosia has the Cyprus Museum, Limassol boasts of its Lambouri Winery, Kolossi Castle and its Limassol Castle and Galatex. Avios Ioannis has the Turkish Ethnographic Museum, among others. Larnaka is a harbor with huge palm trees, cafes and taverns and also houses the international airport of Cyprus. In Larnaka you can visit Byzantine Museum, agios Lazaros Church, the District Archeological museum, the Pierides Museum etc. During the Kataklysmos feast which is celebrated all over Cyprus everyone can gather the shores of Larnaka, dancing, singing, driknking, eating and enjoying water sports. Lemesos is famous for the industrial center and port and wine industry. During September the wine lovers can enjoy the wine festival where the food and wine is served free. Witness the grand Lenten carnival when bands, decorated floats and dancing mark the celebration of this carnival. Tourists can enjoy the beaches, sea foods, visiting the museums and relax in the gardens. Paphos was the capital of the island in Roman times. Paphos has become a popular seaside resort with a large population. The Ktima section of the city is the main residential area, while Kato Paphos is the playground of holidaymakers, built around the medieval port with its numerous luxury hotels, taverns and entertainment venue. You can visit the Acropolis with its complex ancient buildings, including a Roman Odeon which is used for summer orchestral and stage performances as well as the Tombs of the Kings which is located 2km northwest of Paphos harbour towards the Coral Bay. Paphos is also known for its Mosaics floors in a series of ancient Roman noblemenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s villas and every visitor must see it. An excursion to the baths of Aphrodite is something that all the visitors should see because it is a visit to the natural grotto on the Akamas Peninsula where legend has it that the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite, used to take her baths. Anyone cannot describe the beauty of Cyprus with words because every corner of this place is worth seeing. Assess the impact (positive and negative) of your visit on the environment. The quality of the environment, natural and man-made is essential to tourism. Many of the environmental impacts are connected with the structure of the general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities such as resorts, hotels, shops, restaurants, golf courses and marinas. These negative impacts of tourism can cause damage to the environmental resources on which it depends. Alternatively, tourism has the potential to create positive effects on the environment by helping to environmental protection and maintenance and this is a method to raise awareness of environmental principles and it can serve as tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. When the level of visitor use is greater than the environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to manage with this use negative impacts arise from tourism. When conventional tourism is uncontrolled poses possible threats to many natural areas. It can lead to impacts such as: soil erosion, natural habitat loss, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, heightened vulnerability to forest fires and increased pressure on endangered species. It frequently puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. The negative impacts of my visit in Cyprus are: The depletion of natural resources: this means that the tourism development can put pressure on natural resources when the consumption in areas is increased and the resources are already scarce. For example, with my visit on the island I cause problem because of my depletion of water resources such as my needs of water for washing and bath, my use of the swimming pool and other uses. The consequences are the water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a bigger volume of waste water. Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and is well known that in such dry regions, the water scarcity is greater because of the hot climate and the tourists tend to consume more water in their holidays than do at home. Another negative impact of my visit was the use of local resources such as energy, food, and other raw materials that previously was in short supply. Usually in high season the exploitation of these resources is greater than other periods because of the bi g number of visitors. The destination managers try to cover this high demand of local resources in order to meet the high expectations that tourists usually have for proper heating or cooling, hot water etc. Pollution: tourism can cause the same forms of pollution as any other industry, such forms are: solid waste and littering, air emissions, releases of sewage, noise, oil and chemicals, even architectural and visual pollution. My impact in the air pollution was my transportation by air and the excursions with the car. The air pollution that caused from the transportation of tourists has negative impact on the global level, especially from CO2 emissions related to the use of energy for the transportation which contributes to severe local air pollution. Noise pollution caused by cars, buses, airplanes, jet skis etc. Additionally to causing annoyance and stress to humans, it causes distress to wildlife and can cause animals to alter their natural activity. Another negative impact in which and me as tourist contribute to its increase is the Solid Waste. The tourism industry produces enormous quantities of waste products. Airlines, hotels, attractions and other businesses that serve tourist s throw away tons of garbage a year. Some other physical impacts that caused from tourist activities (including myself as a tourist) are: trampling, in cases that tourists using the same trail over and over again trample the vegetation and soil, finally causing damage that lead to loss of biodiversity. Anchoring and other marine activities, in marine areas many tourist activities occur around fragile systems. Anchoring, scuba diving, yachting and cruising are some of the activities that can cause degradation of marine ecosystems such as coral reefs. Change of ecosystems by tourist activities, habitat can be degraded by tourism leisure activities. For example, tourists by watching the wildlife can cause stress for the animals and alter their natural behavior when tourists come too close. The positive impacts of my visit in Cyprus are: Financial contributions such as: -Direct financial contribution is the revenue from park-entrance fees and similar sources which are allocated specifically to pay for the protection and management of environmentally sensitive areas. -Contributions to government revenues are the money that I paid to rent recreation equipment. This money can provide governments with the funds needed to manage natural resources. Describe two actions that individuals could take in the future to maintain the sustainability of this environment. The anxiety for our environment no longer remains in the realm of sustainability projects. It is a real-time that individuals, locals and tourists should start concern about all this thing that destroy our environment: changing seasons, expanding deserts, global warming, depleting forests and ice at the poles and increasing sea levels, climatic aberration, melting glaciers, suffocating pollution and food shortage are clear manifestations of an environment that is leaded into a global catastrophe. Small changes can bring a positive impact, and we may still be able to leave a cleaner, habitable planet for our children. Here are two actions that individuals, locals and tourist can take in the future in order to maintain the sustainability of the environment: Use less electricity: Lots of fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity. This is like a chain: the more we use, the more we burn, the more we pollute the environment. A simple act is to switch off the lights and electrical appliances when are not needed and by doing this we can save huge amounts of energy. Many people can construct their houses, hotels etc. in a way that even more daylight can be used instead of using light bulbs. Use public transport or bicycles: We are all well informed about the fuel crisis which is caused by an ever-increasing number of gas-guzzling automobiles being acquired by millions of people. To make matters worse even food crops are being used to produce biofuels so that people can drive their cars. A good solution is that any individual, local and tourist can use more often the public transport because ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s healthier and environment friendly. First, you will have to walk a distance to use the public transport and second fewer vehicles will be on the road. In fact this will also reduce the frequency of traffic jams. Describe two actions that destination managers could take in the future to maintain the sustainability of this environment. The development of tourism is well-matched with environmental protection through proper planning and controlled development and tourist management. Destination managers need to develop appropriate protection policies and strategies to efficiently manage tourism. Tourism managers must think the needs of an area and its residents, and determine the physical and social carrying capacities of a destination. Two actions that destination managers could take in order to maintain the sustainability of the environment are: Legislation and regulation: government by establishing rules and regulations such as fees, laws etc. can help control negative impacts. It is possible to regulate development and mandate environmentally pleasing building design. Government can also control pollution problems and cleanliness of public areas. Laws can be obtained that control certain types of tourist actions, such as over-collecting. In some cases, establishing protected areas may reduce the negative natural resource impacts of tourism. Alternative tourism can be developed to meet the needs of certain groups of people, allowing them to experience the natural and cultural wealth of regions. It is also positive for economic development in countryside areas, or in environmentally fragile areas that cannot support major change. Alternative tourism is basically the antithesis of mass tourism. Alternative tourism results in fewer severe impacts while still providing positive economic effects. Numerous types of tourism are considered alternative: biotourism, nature or environmental tourism, farm and ranch tourism, scientific tourism, special interest tourism, village tourism etc. One new trend in environmentally alternative tourism development has emerged: ecotourism and it is concerned with gaining the economic advantages of tourism development and minimal environmental impact.