Essay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs

Chapter 1: The Invention of Writing - From the early Paleolithic to the Neolithic period (35,000 BC to 4,000 BC), early Africans and Europeans left paintings in caves, including the Lascaux caves in Southern France. - Early pictures were made for survival and for utilitarian and ritualistic purposes. - Petroglyphs are carved or scratched signs on rock. - These images became symbols for what would be the first spokenlanguage. - Cuneiform – Wedged shaped writing, created in 3000BC. Started as pictographs. - With the discovery of cuneiform, there was a knowledge explosion, where libraries were organized filling with tablets about religion, mathematics, and history. Writing enabled society to stabilize itself, and laws were†¦show more content†¦- Chinese is thought to have been invented by Tsang Chieh, who was inspired to invent writing after studying the claw marks of birds. - Chinese characters are logograms meaning that each character represents an entire word (like $ = dollar). - Paper, a Chinese invention, is attributed with the high government official Ts’ai Lun. - Ts’ai Lun’s method of making paper was unchanged until nineteenth century England. - After the invention of paper, the Chinese also began to use it for wrapping presents, wallpaper, napkins and toilet paper. - Printing was invented by the Chinese. - The first method of printing was block printing, using stamps. - Rubbings were also made by carving words into stone, then inking the stone and making a print on a piece of paper. This is also known as relief printing. - The oldest surviving printed manuscript is the Diamond Sutra. - Around 1000AD, paper money was printed. - An early form of Chinese graphic design was playing cards. - In 1045 AD, Chinese alchemist Pi Sheng developed movable type, using clay and glue. - Because types are not moveable, characters were organized by rhyme. - Moveable type never replaced the handcut woodblock of the orient. - The invention of paper and printing arrived in Europe just as the Renaissance began. Chapter 4: Illuminated Manuscripts - Hand-written books are referred to as Illuminated Manuscripts. - Two notable traditions of illuminated

Addiction a Three Part Disease - 1072 Words

Ricardo Justin Ballinas Sue Wright, M.A. English 1301-Composition M-W 1:30 pm – 2:50 pm Ricardo Ballinas Addiction: A Three Part Disease October 1st, 2012 Sue Wright Addiction: A Three Part Disease Addiction can be separated into three categories: mind (neurological), body (physical), and spirit (psychological). Within in this breakdown addiction can possibly be explained and properly understood. In order to better understand addiction as a disease as opposed to a moral dilemma it first must be broken down. First you must look at the way in which the chemicals affect the brain. The first attempt at partaking in any mind altering substance can be looked at as a choice to the individual. However what happens after that first†¦show more content†¦It is believed that certain individuals are predisposed or vulnerable to addiction based on biological, psychological and social influences. The euphoric high produced by many addictive substances is the result of overstimulation of the â€Å"pleasure center† of the brain. This is the same area that controls emotions, fear, self-control and overall feelings of wellness. The presence of these foreign chemicals creates a response that the brain will crave as soon as it fades. The brain’s chemistry works against its own health, as it rewires its decision making faculties around the primary goal of finding and taking more of the drug† (1). Many people mistakenly believe that psychological addiction is somehow less serious or real than physical addiction. The psychological aspects of addiction are much more challenging to repair and recover from than the physical addiction. Psychological addiction can last for years or even a lifetime. The biological aspect of addiction takes into account the genetic and inherited components of addiction, as well as the effects of addiction on the body itself. 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Organizational Citizenship Behaviors System - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors System. Answer: Introduction: Established in 1997, DSS has been providing consultation services to small school districts. In 1990s, the company saw a good growth and to manage the work the company divided its work into four major departments that was Procurement and Systems, Information Technology, Contract Negotiation, and Facilities Planning handled by department heads. In 2005, the leadership of the company fell into new hands as founders were losing their involvement in the company. Also, with the changing work demands new and expanded work areas was in demand and this led to change in the strategy of DSS. Meg Cooke become the CEO of the company and she decided to increase the companys work are to the larger district. The case presented here resolves the issue between Ms. Chris Peterson and Ms. Meg Crook. A project on which Chris and her team have worked very hard is asked to be discontinued by the CEO of the company Meg Crook (Ancona, Caldwell, 2010). Chris has been given a choice of leading the group in new directions or select the role of the functional specialist in IT. As an employee and as a leader it is crucial to understand various attributes of the organization and skills of Chris in relation with the organizational behavior and human resource development. It is on Chris to select the position she wants to be with DSS and what option would suit her best (Andrews, 2015). Point of Views As the CEO of the company Meg Crook has to integrate the new marketing strategies with the services provided by the consulting firm (Bambacas, 2010). Meg Crook took the decision to discontinue the project on which Chris Peterson was working and offered her other two options to select. If one is in place of Chris Peterson, one should analyze the situation and the factors which resulted in such decision that Meg Crook took about Chriss project. To analyze the factors, a SWOT Analysis will be we very beneficial (Erkutlu, 2011). If I have been in place of the CEO Meg Crook then, I would have at least given a chance to Chris Peterson and her team to once again go through the project and try to solve whatever minor faults it has. As a CEO wherever possible I should have given my output and then taken a decision about continuing or discontinuing the project. SWOT Analysis Chris Petersons leadership skills are quite extraordinary which is reflected in the way she selected the team. She does not lose her control even in the hard situation like in the situation of growing misunderstanding between the team members she took them out and gave them time to de-stress and then think for the solution of the problem. Her leadership quality is acknowledged by Meg Crook the CEO of the company also, therefore, she was given many perks (Harrison, 2017). If referred to weaknesses, then the lack of enthusiasm of the team was the main weakness or drawback in the project. Chris negligence on the happenings of the market and updating on the strategies required for the companys growth affected the development of the project. There was a lack of communication between the Meg and Chris otherwise Meg would have given some guidance for a better strategized project (McClendon, 2013). Chris had so many perks which she should have used to develop a large scale project that would have been in favor of the growth of the company. With her leadership skills, she has a chance to enhance the morale of her team and decide to move in a different direction and develop projects that match the new business strategies of the company. With better communication skills Chris can use the support of other members of the consultation firms and produce a better plan (Robinson-Walker, 2015). The team will get demotivated from the discontinuation of the project as the team has put a lot of efforts on the project development. The team members may lose their confidence on Chris as a leader who will affect her decision that she will take of either of the options she was given. During the project development the team of the firm members of Chris has not kept any communication with other members of the firm and their negligence was reflected in the lack of support, this may continue further as people may become reluctant towards the team members (Sandoff, Nilsson, 2016). After analyzing the factors associated with the organization and leadership process of Chris Peterson, it is clear that the situation is not very favorable for her and her team, but with her leadership skills and the way she handles the situations, there will no problem for her to handle this situation also. Analysis and Action Plan Chris Peterson has been provided with two options, and according to Meg Crook, both options are good for her to opt. It is important to analyze both the options and then decide which option suits Chris Peterson better. The first option is to lead the group to a new direction, that means the same team but a new theme, a new project, and new strategies (Schwarz, 2013). This option is better for Chris as she will pursue her position as the leader of the team which she has gathered will lot of thinking process. Though this team may get demotivated as their team efforts were not acknowledged, under the guidance of Chris they can develop better projects for the consultation firm. The negatives of choosing this option for Chris will be the requirement of success that will have to achieve to prove her skills. She has to start a fresh and totally new project that means starting from the scratch. The team may not be ready to become her teams part (Young, 2016). Another option given to Chris was to change her field of work and become function specialist in IT. The positives of this option are that Chris can explore a new field of work that will enhance her knowledge. She will be able to forget the loss of efforts she faced in the current project. With new people and new field, she may generate better projects for the company (Andrews, 2015). Though it is a good option for Chris to select, there are reasons that may not go well for her. This option means to learn everything from starting, so she will lose her leadership position and become a subordinate. This is not the field she excels in, therefore; the result can be a total wrong position for her to accept. After analyzing both options pros and cons, it is analyzed that the first option of taking a new direction of work for the team is better suited Chris Peterson, and as well as to the company as she is an asset for the company (Bambacas, 2010). Conclusion Meg Crook as a CEO of DSS has the responsibility to retain good employs in the company and select projects that help in the growth of the company. She gave two options to Chris Peterson after she discontinued the project that Chris Peterson was working on so that a hard working employee and her team remain in the firm and they are made aware of the expectation company have from them. Chris, on the other hand, has to prove her skills and talent as a leader to maintain her leadership in the organization. Chris had two options and after analyzing all the factors and pros and cons of the options given to her it is concluded that she should select the option of continuing her leadership and take a new direction for her and her team members. Recommendation She could take a new direction with her team She can use her project experience for better prospects in future Chris should work on her communication skill She could take this as an opportunity to prove her caliber Chris can learn about a new field that will add to her career prospective Company is expanding its working area to larger districts which can give bright future to Chris Chris has some great leadership skills which she can utilize in exploring a better team References Ancona, D., Caldwell, D. (2010). Chris Peterson at DSS Consulating, 1-8. Andrews, C. (2015). Embedded Librarianship. The International Journal Of Educational Organization And Leadership, 22(2), 1-14. Bambacas, M. (2010). Organizational handling of careers influences managers' organizational commitment. Journal Of Management Development, 29(9), 807-827. Erkutlu, H. (2011). The moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 32(6), 532-554. Harrison, R. (2017). Leadership, leadership development and all that jazz. Leadership, 13(1), 81-99. McClendon, L. (2013). The Synergist: How to Lead Your Team to Predictable Successby Les McKeown. Organization Management Journal, 10(3), 209-210. Robinson-Walker, C. (2015). Whos Working Harder?.Nurse Leader, 13(2), 12-20. Sandoff, M., Nilsson, K. (2016). How staff experience teamwork challenges in a new organizational structure. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 22(7/8), 415-427. Schwarz, R. (2013). How Well Does Your Leadership Team Really Work?.Leader To Leader, 2014(71), 54-59. Young, M. (2016). Managing employees. BDJ Team, 3(4), 16066. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bdjteam.2016.66

Mies Van Der Rohe an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Mies Van Der Rohe by Expert Hyperwriter | 14 Dec 2016 Clarity, logic and order; these are the main principles that describe Mies van der Rohes style. This was because he believed that these traits were essential in the creation of order in an otherwise desperate confusion (Whitman, 1969). Need essay sample on "Mies Van Der Rohe" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Mies van der Rohe is known for his Less in More approach to architecture that emphasized on the integrity of the structure and the authenticity of the materials. The overall objective was the effective creation and utilization of space. He has been quoted as saying that Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space (Whitman, 1969). During his architectural life, Mies has been credited with the creation of monumental architecture (Great Buildings, 2008). Born in 1886 in Aachen, Germany, Mies van der Rohe rose from humble beginning to go down in history as the father of modern architecture. His father was a master stone mason and until he was 19, he trained with his father. In Berlin, he was privileged to work for Paul Bruno, a furniture designer and architect. From 1908 to 1912, he worked for Peter Behrens (Great Buildings, 2008). It was under the stewardship of Behrens that Mies developed his keen interest in Prussian classicism, Russian constructivism and advanced structure techniques. He also developed his glass and steel design style from Karl F. Schinkels lintel construction. From there on he opened his own practice. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: Who wants to write essay for me? Specialists suggest: Your Academic Success Is Our Goal What probably catapulted him into the limelight was the 1921 Fridrichstrasse skyscraper which he designed for a competition. Albeit it was built, it played the role of a critical in forecasting his future with breathtaking skyscrapers. The 20s was a defining period for him as he was involved with organizations that supported modern art. He was also responsible for the introduction of ribbon windows to the architecture world; a concept hat has since been widely embraced (Whitman, 1969). One of his most famous buildings is the German Pavilion of 1929 that was a mark of his superior creative ability. Its marble and glass walls were could be moved about as they did not support the pavilions wall. The concept of seamless space use was fully explored. This particular piece of work was an expression of skin and bone clarity, something that was synonymous with Mies work (Design Boom, 2008). The economic slump that faced Germany saw a sharp decline in the building rate, and this lead to the relocation of Mies to The United States in 1937 and his reputation had preceded him. This marked the second phase of his career as an architect although he stayed true to his style. The Farnsworth House was said to be the most radically minimalist house ever designed that propagated his flexible and open use of space concept. In 1951 the designed twin Towers in Chicago was completed and this led to the onset of a string of skyscrapers in New York, Detroit among other major US cities. However, it was in 1954 that the skyscraper masterpiece of all time, the Seagram Building, was created (Design Boom, 2008). Undoubtedly, Mies has had considerable influence on the direction of modern architecture. Ever since his presence began being noticed after World War II, Mies has been of a forward trend in gaining popularity. His structures have been known, admired and highly appreciated for their simplicity and uniqueness. His works demonstrated a deep understanding of the importance of keen craftsmanship and attention to detail. Maybe this was a reflection of himself; he was an exquisite but conservative dresser who loved to dine and wine. In essence, Mies style is deliberately, simple, clear and reasonable. He said many at times that his architecture was so that anybody could pull off. His intention was that the building created would be a true statement of its times (Whitman, 2008). For example, he thought that the George Washington Bridge, New York was a bold representation of a structural period. Despite the fact that the building was proportionally grand, its structure was not concealed by ornamentation. His love for simplicity in architecture emphasized on the importance of grasping the fundamentals and that any material could be made into whatever one needed it to be and that the newest of materials were not necessarily the most superior. Mies has been criticized of being arrogant of that fact that the many glasses he uses lead to excessive solar exposure. He has also been accused of making his structures appear machine made, rather than the hand made structures that they really are. Some have dubbed his work as less is a bore. He has also been accused of being indifferent to the cause of the buildings of those surrounding his (Architect, 2008). In my opinion, despite the fact that Mies had not formal academic training as an architect, he was undoubtedly a genius in the design and innovation of imposing 20th century structure, an era that in dominantly technological. Although he did not get formal architectural training, I believe that it was maybe his interest in philosophy that formed the basis of his style. But what is very clear about Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe is that his architectural style is here to stay. WORKS CITED Architect (2008). Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://architect.architecture.sk/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe-architect/ludwig-mies-van-der-rohe-architect.php Design Boom (2008). Ludwieg Mies Van der Rohe (1886 1969). Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 Great Buildings (2008). Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://architects.greatbuildings.com/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe.html Whitman A. (1969). Mies van der Rohe Dies at 83; Leader of Modern Architecture. Last retrieved from the World Wide Web on the 2nd July, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0327.html

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Premier vs. Premiere - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Premier vs. Premiere â€Å"Premier† and â€Å"premiere† look very similar written down. They also sound similar when spoken. And to top it all off, they both have to do with being â€Å"first† in some sense. Is it any surprise, then, that people get these words mixed up? Probably not. Yet there is a difference between them, so make sure your written work is error free with our helpful guide. Premier (First in Status) â€Å"Premier† is usually an adjective meaning â€Å"first in status† or â€Å"best†: Usain Bolt was the premier sprinter of his generation. Here, we’re referring to Mr. Bolt’s status as a leading athlete on the track. With that name, he was either going to be a runner or a mechanic.(Photo: Grzegorz Jereczek/flickr) A secondary use is as a noun that refers to the leader of a government: We will remember him as the UK’s worst ever premier. Typically, â€Å"premier† is used for the prime minister of a country. However, in Australia and Canada, it is also used for heads of regional government bodies. Premiere (A Debut or First Performance) â€Å"Premiere† is primarily a noun that refers to the first public performance or appearance of something: We’re having a glitzy premiere with a red carpet for our new play. But the same word can also be used as a verb meaning â€Å"show for the first time.† For example, we could say: We’ll be premiering the movie at the Sundance Festival. There are worse places to premiere something.(Photo: Travis Wise/flickr) In both noun and verb cases, â€Å"premiere† usually applies to a performance or entertainment of some kind. But you can also â€Å"premiere† other things (e.g., when a company reveals a new product for the first time). Premier or Premiere? These words are similar in many ways. However, â€Å"premiere† is only ever used in relation to the first public appearance of something. In any other situation, the correct term will therefore be â€Å"premier.† Remember: Premier (adjective) = First in status or importance Premier (noun) = The leader of a government Premiere (noun) = The first performance or appearance of something Premiere (verb) = The act of showing something in public for the first time

Cheating on the SAT Spreads to the United States

Cheating on the SAT Spreads to the United States SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not again! Allegations of cheating swirl around the latest administration of the SAT on May 2. While recent scandalshave sprung fromAsian countries like China and South Korea, this one is centered on the U.S.-based test, which hundreds of thousands of students took at the beginning of May. It seems that communication technology and time zone differences around the world have punchedholes in the SAT's security. Let's take a look at what's unfolded in this investigation so far. Allegations Around the May 2 SAT Lots of students take the SAT in the spring, many of whom are juniors hoping to hit their target scores in time for college deadlines senior year. This most recent administration on May 2 has allegations of a major security breach. Educational Testing Service (ETS)officials suspectthat students may have had access to the test, or at least to some "live" questions, before test day. This was first reported publicly by a Washington Post writer who received a copy of the May 2 test a day before the official test. The reporter did not report the source, but this release was clearly not approved by the College Board. Thus, an unknown number of students around the country could have had access to this test ahead of time. She was not the only one to report this leak. The National Center for Fair and Open Testing, or FairTest, is committed to ensuring that standardized tests are fair and open. According to its public education director Bob Schaeffer, FairTest was emailed a version of the SAT before it was actually administered to students. Since no one is supposed to see the test before students take it, he and others gathered that this was a major security breach, likely on a global scale. It would be very easy to score a 2300+ score on the SAT with prior access to the test, which would disrupt the rest of the grading scale. SAT test scores are designed to be resistant to fluctuations in tester quality from test to test, but if a single test has an abundance of undetected cheaters, this would disrupt the normal statistics in the exam. Any students whose scores will be withheld should have been notified by this point, but ETS has not yet released any further information about the findings of its investigation. College Board takes security around the SAT very seriously. SAT tests and questions are saved on computers that aren't connected to the internet. They are highly classified and accessible only toETSofficials with clearance for direct access. Test proctors are required to report any suspicious behavior on test day. So given the high security around the SAT, how could live questions have been leaked before test day? The findings aren't known yet. It's possible that a leak happened in the process of shipping tests to test centers, or that an internal staff member at College Board released the test. But there have been clear methods of systematic cheating in the past, primarily in Asia. Global Connections Among Cheating Rings This recent investigation in the U.S. is just one piece of the larger global puzzle. Students scores were actually withheld in Asian countries in October, November, December, and January. In January of this year, all scores were withheld for Chinese students who tested both in China and outside of their country. Because of recent regulations about whichschools can administer the SAT, most Chinese nationals have to travel outside of mainland China, like to Hong Kong or Macao, to take the test. Along similar lines, all scores were canceled in 2013 in South Korea. All of the tutoring centers in Seoul were investigated, and educators were even barred from leaving the country. In 2010, a school in Seoul emailed live SAT questions to two Korean students who lived in Connecticut. When their scores jumped hundreds of points, ETS audited their results and discovered the cheating on the SAT. So what do these cases of cheating in China, South Korea, and other countries have to do with this most recent one in the U.S.? Apparently ETS recycles tests that have already been administered in the U.S. to use internationally, like in China, South Korea, and Australia. Because the U.S. and these other countries are in different time zones, this policy creates a vulnerability that many companies have taken advantage of togain access to live tests and then shareor sellthem to students. According to Valerie Strauss of the Washington Post's "Answer Sheet," this access tothe SAT may be gainedthrough a 5step process. It's a small world after all. The 5 Step "Time Zone" Cheating Process The securityof the SAT has been compromised for a number of reasons, the most important of which aregeographic dispersion, time zone differences of 12 or more hours, recycling of already used tests,and technology that allows people to instantly transmit questions and answers. The following steps illustrate one way thattesting companies seem to be illegally obtaining and selling live questions and answers. People in the U.S. gain access to previously administered SAT tests and share or sell them to overseas "tutoring" and educational companies. These overseas companies keep extensive databases of any and all SAT questions and answers. Because ETS reuses tests in Asia and other countries, manyof these questions are "live" and will show up on future tests. These companies enlist "hired guns" to sit for the SAT. They advertise this on online message boards like QQ, WeChat, and Taobao. When these employees sit for the SAT, often in a time zone hours ahead of China, they share the questions and answers. People have been found with earpieces or taking pictures of their cell phones and sharing the information during breaks between sections. After receiving the questions and answers, the company immediately searches through its database to locate the questions and answers that will be given to students in their time zone soon thereafter. Finally, theyadvertise this information and contact their clients. These companies transmit the information to paying clients, who might put the answers in their cell phones or program them into their calculators. This allseems like an elaborate plan just to get access to the SAT, but the high level of competition and pressure creates a substantial market for this kind of easy information. While in the past most cheating allegations had to do with impersonation, or with one student sitting in for another, now they zero in onmore advanced operations that take advantage of time zone differences and instant communication through online chats and cell phones. Given these breaches that seem to be happening more and more in the past few years, what security measures does ETS have in place to protect the confidentiality of the SATbefore testing day? Security Measures Tightened As mentioned above, the major vulnerability around the SAT used to be one of identity impersonation. On Long Island, New York in 20, for example, high schoolstudents were found guilty of paying college students to sit in for them and take the test in their stead. Since then, ETS has required students to upload photographs along with their IDs. Besides this, ETS has its testing materials on serious lockdown before the test is administered and is very strict about testing guidelines for students and proctors. However, the time zone changesamong countries and policy of recycling already used tests opens up a window for companies and students to get earlyexposure to the questions. So is ETS going to find a way to close this window? When recycling is not the best policy... Will ETS Stop Recycling Old Tests? FairTest's Bob Schaeffer is adamant that ETS should stop reusing tests given in the U.S. in Asia. According to Schaeffer, it's impossible to keep these tests confidential today given our global connectedness and technology. Perhaps because these types of cheating on the SAT scandals are a relatively recent phenomenon, or because the cost of creating brand new tests is high, ETS has not changed this policy yet. Another small step they might take is to train test proctors to be even stricter about confiscating cell phones and any other devices, as well as having students clear the memory on their programmable calculators. It has yet to be seen what new guidelines and rules will be put in place, but the huge scale of score cancellations and allegations of cheating month after month seem to demand some change be put in place. Without addressing these issues, ETS will surely continue to have controversy around how the SAT can beused as a fair evaluation of students' readiness forcollege around the world. As I talked about above, ETS and FairTest have not shared that they know how many students actually had access to the leaked SAT information. As this and other investigations continue, what does it mean for students who have taken or plan to take the SAT in the future? What Do These Security Breaches Mean for Students? Whileallegations of cheatingon the SAT are relatively rare for the majority of students, they do affect a few thousand each year. ETS has about 2,500 tests flagged each year for suspicious scores, and of these, it might withhold about 1,000 of them. Rather than a highlysynced system of espionage with earpieces and massive databases, these cases are usually much more low-key. ETS does an audit if they see a huge score increase, like a 350+ increase in reading and math combined or a 250+ increase overall. If something about your scores from one test to the next seem unbelievable, ETS could delay your scores. In some cases, they might release them later, or they might require you to send letters on your behalf testifying to your preparation between the two tests. This can be a huge holdup and especially stressful if your college deadlines are approaching, and you don't have much time to retake the test. To make sure this doesn't happen to you, I would recommend taking every SAT you take seriously. You can definitely start early and take the SAT several times to raise your scores, but I wouldn't recommend sitting for the SAT without having done at least 10 hours of prep first, at least to get yourself familiar with the format, instructions, and timing of the test. This is especially important for students who speak a language other than English at home. I worked with an English Language Learner student whose scores were canceled after the proctor saw her flipping through her test booklet. The proctor suspected she was returning to sections after time had been called. It turned out she hadn't fully understood the instructions and didn't know this wasn't allowed. Luckily, she had time to take the SAT again, but only after calling all her colleges and asking them to extend deadlines for her SAT score reports! The moral of the story is thatyou always want to do at least some test prep before sitting for the real test, even if just to ensure that you understand the specific instructions for each section. So what does ETS tell your colleges if it cancels your scores? In most cases, ETS does not specify a reason for cancelled scores, but admissions officers can fill in the blanks. You don't want anything to raise a red flag in your application, least of all an investigated and invalidatedSAT score. Unfortunately, that might just be what's going to happen for students who took the SAT on May 2, as it did for students in China and South Korea in recent years. Time will tell about the results of this investigation. In the meantime, remember that prepping, not cheating, is always the best policy when it comes to the SAT - and leave yourself plenty of extra opportunities to retake the test in case you're unlucky enough to find yourself in the midstof a national cheating scandal! What's Next? Are you planning to take the SAT once? Twice? As many times as College Board will allow? Read about how many times you can (and should) plan on taking the SAT to achieve your target scores. Does the thought of sitting down for the SAT make your stomach turn? This article discusses how mindfulness and simple relaxation techniques can help you calm your nerves and focus on the task at hand. You know that preparing is important for the SAT, but exactly how many hours should you study? Read about a solid test prep schedule for the SAT here. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Negative effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(SLS) & Sodium Laureth Essay

Negative effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(SLS) & Sodium Laureth Sulfate(SLES) on the health - Essay Example 1). If these two chemicals are being used in products that most of us use everyday, we can argue that SLS and SLES must and should be safe and should not be detrimental to our health but sadly, this is not the case. SLS and SLES are actually cheap ingredients, which is why they are commonly used in soaps and shampoos but they are probably the most dangerous ingredients in our personal care products (Kramer, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Laureth Sulfate," par. 1). There are lots of studies which have shown that there are indeed possible ill effects that SLS and SLES may bring to us. Sodium lauryl sulfate is being used for clinical testing as a skin irritant wherein the skin of test animals and humans are being irritated with SLS then healing agents are tested to determine the effectiveness of those agents to skin irritated by sodium lauryl sulfate (Kramer, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Sodium Laureth Sulfate," par. 2). ... 3) According to a report published in the Journal of The American College of Toxicology in 1983, SLS "concentrations as low as 0.5% could cause irritation and concentrations of 10- 30% caused skin corrosion and severe irritation" (qtd. in "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)," par.4). We should not wait for the time when we experience skin irritation; we can already take an action by throwing out whatever products we have that contain SLS or SLES. In addition to being skin irritants, SLS and SLES are also eye irritants and can even cause eye deformities. Experimental, acute eye tests have revealed that, a solution of 10 percent SLS caused corneal damage to the rabbit's eyes if not irrigated or irritation is delayed and a solution of 5.1 percent caused mild irritation (Steinman, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate," par. 6). We are not rabbits but most of us have already experienced eye irritation when we use personal care products like shampoos. If we really want to protect our eyes, let us avoid SLS and SLES containing products. SLS may also be damaging to the immune system due to its protein denaturing properties (Steinman, "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate," par. 5). Furthermore, SLS that has been absorbed by the body from skin application is said to mimic the activity of the hormone estrogen and estrogen levels are said to be associated with health problems like PMS, menopausal symptoms, dropping male fertility, and cancers in women like breast cancer ("Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)," par. 8). In relation to cancer, SLS and SLES are also said to be carcinogenic because they may cause potentially carcinogenic nitrates and dioxins to form in shampoos and cleansers by reacting with commonly used ingredients